Table 1

Baseline characteristics and mean caloric-adjusted nutrient intakes by quartiles of carbohydrate intake*

MaleFemale
Q1Q2Q3Q4P valueQ1Q2Q3Q4P value
Age, years48.948.350.150.70.18345.946.248.049.1<0.001
Prevalence of hypertension, %27.525.332.033.20.27519.923.927.028.40.041
SBP, mm Hg128.5128.4131.5131.80.161124.1126.5128.8130.5<0.001
DBP, mm Hg79.278.980.180.40.44475.876.677.978.30.002
BMI, kg/m2 22.722.322.422.80.24122.522.522.822.30.224
Senior school or higher education, %15.519.119.115.50.64112.38.87.95.70.002
Family history of hypertension, %29.334.535.126.40.32532.031.028.926.80.422
Fortune index, Rich %44.335.136.532.00.11143.339.538.731.50.059
Current drinker, %77.766.761.968.0<0.00123.021.219.325.40.236
Current smoker,%62.261.660.549.70.0850.00.80.00.30.543
Physical activity, high intensity, %28.023.219.624.40.28026.217.714.412.6<0.001
Nutrient intake †
 Energy, kcal/day2200.41887.11972.22244.1<0.0011627.41640.71520.11687.0<0.001
 Fat, g/day104.282.569.344.9<0.00191.373.460.742.4<0.001
 Protein, g/day43.249.750.755.7<0.00132.036.838.542.3<0.001
 Cholesterol, mg/day317.4278.1220.8157.8<0.001251.4214.5175.7147.5<0.001
 Potassium, mg/day1291.81427.51375.31445.7<0.001969.41072.91086.61159.6<0.001
 Calcium, mg/day446.5479.4451.9429.30.151360.7363.7334.6343.20.035
 Sodium, g/day5685.25002.14744.54460.5<0.0015758.44908.14849.54153.0<0.001
 Fibre, g/day5.46.46.87.7<0.0014.35.15.36.1<0.001
 %Energy from total carbohydrate34.747.454.665.2<0.00134.645.653.463.5<0.001
 % Energy from total fat46.135.629.519.9<0.00152.340.733.523.5<0.001
 % Energy from total protein10.812.111.29.5<0.0018.29.49.910.5<0.001
  • *Values are mean or %.

  • †All nutrients were adjusted for total calorie intake, except energy daily intake.

  • BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.