Table 1

Identification of where the requirement or opportunity exists to include nutrition within the expected curriculum for medical students in the UK, as defined by the UK General Medical Council (GMC) Outcomes for Graduates25

GMC themes	Nutrition is a required learning outcome	Nutrition not explicit but essential for good patient care	Nutrition could be used to enhance learning and achieve learning outcomes
Professional values and behaviours Could be applied to 5 out of 6 outcome domains.	Safeguarding vulnerable patients Includes recognition of poor nutrition and taking action or referral as appropriate.	Dealing with complexity and uncertainty Nutrition should be part of considering patients’ goals and priorities for enhanced care.	Professional and ethical responsibilities Both for self-care and reflection on students’/doctors’ own lifestyle, attitudes and beliefs, and how these might impact the advice given. Patient safety and quality improvement Food and nutrition projects could be used to achieve many of the learning outcomes in this domain. Leadership and team working This includes interdisciplinary working across healthcare settings that will have food and nutrition as part of their services.
Professional skills Could be applied to 2 out of 4 outcome domains.		Prescribing medications safely Route of administration, timing and interactions with food and dietary supplements essential for safe and effective care.	Communication and interpersonal skills Conversations about role of nutrition in health can be used to introduce these skills.
Professional knowledge Could be applied to 5 out of 6 outcome domains.	Applying biomedical scientific principles Explicitly mentions nutrition and links it both to the science and practice of medicine.	Applying psychological principles The relationship of psychological and medical conditions and impact of behaviour on treatment both are impacted by diet and nutrition.	Clinical research and scholarship Nutrition-focused examples can be useful as a teaching material for statistics, research design and use of evidence.
	Health promotion and illness prevention This domain specifically mentions healthy weight and diet along with the role and impact of nutrition on health.	Applying social science principles Nutrition both provides good teaching examples and requires the application of social science principles to be effective in practice.