@article {Lundberg182, author = {Helge Einar Lundberg and Morten Glas{\o} and Rahul Chhura and Arjun Andre Shukla and Torunn Austlid and Zohaib Sarwar and Kathrine Hovland and Sapna Iqbal and Hans Erik Fagertun and Helge Holo and Stig Einride Larsen}, title = {Effect on bone anabolic markers of daily cheese intake with and without vitamin K2: a randomised clinical trial}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {182--190}, year = {2022}, doi = {10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000424}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Background Daily intake of 57 g Jarlsberg cheese has been shown to increase the total serum osteocalcin (tOC). Is this a general cheese effect or specific for Jarlsberg containing vitamin K2 and 1,4-dihydroxy-2naphtoic acid (DHNA)?Methods 66 healthy female volunteers (HV) were recruited. By skewed randomisation (3:2), 41 HV were allocated to daily intake of 57 g Jarlsberg (J-group) and 25{\textendash}50 g Camembert (C-group) in 6 weeks. After 6 weeks the C-group was switched to Jarlsberg. The study duration was 12 weeks with clinical investigations every 6 weeks. The main variables were procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP), tOC, carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) and the osteocalcin ratio (RO) defined as the ratio between cOC and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). Serum cross-linked C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTX), vitamin K2, lipids and clinical chemistry were used as secondary variables.Results PINP, tOC, cOC, RO and vitamin K2 increased significantly (p\<0.01) after 6 weeks in the J-group. PINP remained unchanged in the C-group. The other variables decreased slightly in the C-group but increased significantly (p<=0.05) after switching to Jarlsberg. No CTX-changes detected in neither of the groups.Serum lipids increased slightly in both groups. Switching to Jarlsberg, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced (p<=0.05). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Ca++ and Mg++ were significantly reduced in the J-group, but unchanged in the C-group. Switching to Jarlsberg, HbA1c and Ca++ decreased significantly.Conclusion The effect of daily Jarlsberg intake on increased s-osteocalcin level is not a general cheese effect. Jarlsberg contain vitamin K2 and DHNA which increases PINP, tOC, cOC and RO and decreases Ca++, Mg++ and HbA1c. These effects reflect increased bone anabolism and a possible reduced risk of adverse metabolic outcomes.Trial registration number NCT04189796.Data are available upon reasonable request. All data is saved in a SAS database at Meddoc Research.}, URL = {https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/5/2/182}, eprint = {https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/5/2/182.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Nutrition, Prevention \& Health} }