TY - JOUR T1 - Effect on bone anabolic markers of daily cheese intake with and without vitamin K<sub>2</sub>: a randomised clinical trial JF - BMJ Nutrition, Prevention &amp; Health JO - BMJ Nutrition SP - 182 LP - 190 DO - 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000424 VL - 5 IS - 2 AU - Helge Einar Lundberg AU - Morten Glasø AU - Rahul Chhura AU - Arjun Andre Shukla AU - Torunn Austlid AU - Zohaib Sarwar AU - Kathrine Hovland AU - Sapna Iqbal AU - Hans Erik Fagertun AU - Helge Holo AU - Stig Einride Larsen Y1 - 2022/12/01 UR - http://nutrition.bmj.com/content/5/2/182.abstract N2 - Background Daily intake of 57 g Jarlsberg cheese has been shown to increase the total serum osteocalcin (tOC). Is this a general cheese effect or specific for Jarlsberg containing vitamin K2 and 1,4-dihydroxy-2naphtoic acid (DHNA)?Methods 66 healthy female volunteers (HV) were recruited. By skewed randomisation (3:2), 41 HV were allocated to daily intake of 57 g Jarlsberg (J-group) and 25–50 g Camembert (C-group) in 6 weeks. After 6 weeks the C-group was switched to Jarlsberg. The study duration was 12 weeks with clinical investigations every 6 weeks. The main variables were procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP), tOC, carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) and the osteocalcin ratio (RO) defined as the ratio between cOC and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). Serum cross-linked C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTX), vitamin K2, lipids and clinical chemistry were used as secondary variables.Results PINP, tOC, cOC, RO and vitamin K2 increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) after 6 weeks in the J-group. PINP remained unchanged in the C-group. The other variables decreased slightly in the C-group but increased significantly (p≤0.05) after switching to Jarlsberg. No CTX-changes detected in neither of the groups.Serum lipids increased slightly in both groups. Switching to Jarlsberg, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced (p≤0.05). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Ca++ and Mg++ were significantly reduced in the J-group, but unchanged in the C-group. Switching to Jarlsberg, HbA1c and Ca++ decreased significantly.Conclusion The effect of daily Jarlsberg intake on increased s-osteocalcin level is not a general cheese effect. Jarlsberg contain vitamin K2 and DHNA which increases PINP, tOC, cOC and RO and decreases Ca++, Mg++ and HbA1c. These effects reflect increased bone anabolism and a possible reduced risk of adverse metabolic outcomes.Trial registration number NCT04189796.Data are available upon reasonable request. All data is saved in a SAS database at Meddoc Research. ER -