Participant’s sociodemographic and economic characteristics
| Characteristics | n=125 n (%) | Mean+SD | |
| Informal settlement | Korogocho | 73 (58.4) | |
| Viwandani | 52 (41.6) | ||
| Maternal age in complete years | <20 | 26 (20.8) | 23.8+5.2 |
| 20–24 | 42 (33.6) | ||
| 25–29 | 36 (28.8) | ||
| ≥30 | 13 (10.4) | ||
| Don’t know/can’t remember | 8 (6.4) | ||
| Parity | 0 | 47 (37.6) | |
| 1–2 | 60 (48) | ||
| 3–4 | 13 (10.4) | ||
| 5–7 | 5 (4) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 26 (20.8) | |
| Married/in union | 95 (76) | ||
| Others | 4 (3.2) | ||
| Ethnic group | Somali/Borana/Garre | 7 (5.6) | |
| Kikuyu and Embu | 38 (30.4) | ||
| Kamba | 18 (14.4) | ||
| Kisii | 4 (3.2) | ||
| Luhya | 26 (20.8) | ||
| Luo | 23 (18.4) | ||
| Taita | 2 (1.6) | ||
| Others | 7 (5.6) | ||
| Religion | Christian | 111 (88.8) | |
| Muslim | 9 (7.2) | ||
| Traditional | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Others | 4 (3.2) | ||
| Highest level of education | None/less than primary | 21 (16.8) | |
| Primary school | 80 (64.0) | ||
| Secondary school | 16 (12.8) | ||
| College/university | 2 (1.6) | ||
| Missing | 6 (4.8) | ||
| Occupation | Unemployed | 88 (70.4) | |
| Employed (informal) | 27 (21.6) | ||
| Employed (formal) | 6 (4.8) | ||
| Missing | 4 (3.2) | ||
| Pregnancy stage at body composition assessment | First trimester | 20 (16.0) | |
| Second trimester | 105 (84.0) | ||
| Number of ANC visits (at the time of BC) | |||
| 0 | 20 (16.0) | ||
| 1–3 | 50 (40.0) | ||
| >3 | 55 (44.0) | ||
| Number of illnesses experienced during pregnancy | |||
| 0 | 38 (30.4) | ||
| 1 | 39 (31.2) | ||
| 2 | 31 (24.8) | ||
| 3–5 | 17 (13.6) | ||
ANC, antenatal care; BC, body composition.