Estimates of relative risk and 95% CIs for specific diseases of interest by statistically substituting one medium serving of pasta meal for other starch-dense foods from model 3*
| Pasta replacing fried potato HR (95% CI) | Pasta replacing white bread HR (95% CI) | |
| Diabetes | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.95) | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) |
| CHD | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.28) | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.17) |
| Stroke | 0.57 (0.36 to 0.89) | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.92) |
| ASCVD | 0.68 (0.50 to 0.93) | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.01) |
*Model adjusted for age, race, region, study indicators, body mass index (BMI), total energy intake, per cent energy from carbohydrates, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2005 and family history of the respective outcome.
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease.