Baseline characteristics and mean caloric-adjusted nutrient intakes by quartiles of carbohydrate intake*
| Male | Female | |||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value | |
| Age, years | 48.9 | 48.3 | 50.1 | 50.7 | 0.183 | 45.9 | 46.2 | 48.0 | 49.1 | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of hypertension, % | 27.5 | 25.3 | 32.0 | 33.2 | 0.275 | 19.9 | 23.9 | 27.0 | 28.4 | 0.041 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 128.5 | 128.4 | 131.5 | 131.8 | 0.161 | 124.1 | 126.5 | 128.8 | 130.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 79.2 | 78.9 | 80.1 | 80.4 | 0.444 | 75.8 | 76.6 | 77.9 | 78.3 | 0.002 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 22.4 | 22.8 | 0.241 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 0.224 |
| Senior school or higher education, % | 15.5 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 15.5 | 0.641 | 12.3 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 5.7 | 0.002 |
| Family history of hypertension, % | 29.3 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 26.4 | 0.325 | 32.0 | 31.0 | 28.9 | 26.8 | 0.422 |
| Fortune index, Rich % | 44.3 | 35.1 | 36.5 | 32.0 | 0.111 | 43.3 | 39.5 | 38.7 | 31.5 | 0.059 |
| Current drinker, % | 77.7 | 66.7 | 61.9 | 68.0 | <0.001 | 23.0 | 21.2 | 19.3 | 25.4 | 0.236 |
| Current smoker,% | 62.2 | 61.6 | 60.5 | 49.7 | 0.085 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.543 |
| Physical activity, high intensity, % | 28.0 | 23.2 | 19.6 | 24.4 | 0.280 | 26.2 | 17.7 | 14.4 | 12.6 | <0.001 |
| Nutrient intake † | ||||||||||
| Energy, kcal/day | 2200.4 | 1887.1 | 1972.2 | 2244.1 | <0.001 | 1627.4 | 1640.7 | 1520.1 | 1687.0 | <0.001 |
| Fat, g/day | 104.2 | 82.5 | 69.3 | 44.9 | <0.001 | 91.3 | 73.4 | 60.7 | 42.4 | <0.001 |
| Protein, g/day | 43.2 | 49.7 | 50.7 | 55.7 | <0.001 | 32.0 | 36.8 | 38.5 | 42.3 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol, mg/day | 317.4 | 278.1 | 220.8 | 157.8 | <0.001 | 251.4 | 214.5 | 175.7 | 147.5 | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mg/day | 1291.8 | 1427.5 | 1375.3 | 1445.7 | <0.001 | 969.4 | 1072.9 | 1086.6 | 1159.6 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 446.5 | 479.4 | 451.9 | 429.3 | 0.151 | 360.7 | 363.7 | 334.6 | 343.2 | 0.035 |
| Sodium, g/day | 5685.2 | 5002.1 | 4744.5 | 4460.5 | <0.001 | 5758.4 | 4908.1 | 4849.5 | 4153.0 | <0.001 |
| Fibre, g/day | 5.4 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.7 | <0.001 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| %Energy from total carbohydrate | 34.7 | 47.4 | 54.6 | 65.2 | <0.001 | 34.6 | 45.6 | 53.4 | 63.5 | <0.001 |
| % Energy from total fat | 46.1 | 35.6 | 29.5 | 19.9 | <0.001 | 52.3 | 40.7 | 33.5 | 23.5 | <0.001 |
| % Energy from total protein | 10.8 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 9.5 | <0.001 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
*Values are mean or %.
†All nutrients were adjusted for total calorie intake, except energy daily intake.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.