Table 2

Participants’ mental and lifestyle characteristics

ItemAll participants
(n=406)
Male
(n=191)
Female
(n=215)
P value
n
or
Mean±SD
%
(Range)
n
or
Mean±SD
%
(Range)
n
or
Mean±SD
%
(Range)
Mental characteristics
K6, n=4043.0±3.7(0–21)3.0±3.8(0–18)2.9±3.6(0–21)0.696
Depression, K6 ≥511127.64943.86229.30.473
Lifestyle characteristics
Physical activity (IPAQ-SF), n=404
 Physical activity level
  Low27868.512365.415573.80.182
  Moderate10827.15830.95023.8
  High123.073.752.4
Commuting and employment situation (JNIOSH-WLAQ; min), n=405
 One-way commuting time55.2±26.6(5.0–155.0)61.3±28.3(10.0–155.0)49.7±23.9(5.0–120.0)<0.001
  Walking time19.3±11.1(0–90.0)19.7±10.8(0–60.0)19.0±11.3(0–90.0)0.498
  Sitting time20.1±21.5(0–110.0)21.4±24.0(0–110.0)18.9±18.9(0–110.0)0.259
  Standing time13.9±16.8(0–100.0)17.3±19.1(0–100.0)10.8±13.7(0–90.0)<0.001
 Working time577.0±83.6(265.0–815.0)481.2±100.8(300.0–815.0)553.8±85.7(110.0–800.0)<0.001
  Sitting time455.6±111.2(20.0–782.0)481.2±100.8(50.0–732.6)433.0±115.2(19.5–782.1)<0.001
  Standing time120.7±86.8(0–476.0)122.0±82.2(0–476.0)118.5±90.6(0–464.0)0.774
  • IPAQ-SF, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form; JNIOSH-WLAQ, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan-Worker’s Living Activity-time Questionnaire; K6, Kessler 6.