Odds of increased severity of COVID-19 illness by time period*†§
| Overall OR (95% CI) | Time period 1 OR (95% CI) | Time period 2 OR (95% CI) | Time period 3 OR (95% CI) | Time period 4 OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Race/ethnicity‡ | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 2.28 (1.62 to 3.22) | 2.67 (1.34 to 5.34) | 2.40 (1.25 to 4.69) | 1.80 (0.86 to 3.87) | 3.87 (1.75 to 8.86) | 0.105 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.46 (1.00 to 2.13) | 2.02 (1.07 to 3.78) | 1.22 (0.54 to 2.67) | 0.58 (0.21 to 1.48) | 2.66 (1.08 to 6.48) | 0.530 |
| Asian or other | 1.11 (0.72 to 1.69) | 0.98 (0.47 to 1.98) | 3.35 (1.39 to 7.86) | 0.28 (0.04 to 1.02) | 1.55 (0.58 to 3.89) | 0.022 |
Bold indicates a statistically significant vaue.
*Outcome of COVID-19 illness severity score in hospitalised patients was defined as an ordinal variable where 0=required admission but never ICU-level care; 1=required ICU-level care but never intubation; 2=required intubation. Models adjusted for race/ethnicity, van Walraven Elixhauser comorbidity score, age, census tract, SES index and sex.
†Time periods defined based on quartiles of cumulative cases. Time period 1 ranges from 4 March to 7 May; period 2 from 8 May to 14 July; period 3 from 15 July to 20 October; and period 4 from 21 October to 5 December. P value represents joint test for difference in OR across time periods for each race/ethnicity category.
‡Asian and other race collapsed due to small sample size among hospitalised patients.
ICU, intensive care unit; Ref, reference; SES, socioeconomic status.