n (%) | |
Main message of cited article | |
Decrease BW/more beneficial | 32 (17) |
Neutral (no directional effect or association) | 39 (21) |
Increase BW/less beneficial | 54 (30) |
No conclusion directly relevant to the LES–BW relationship | 26 (14) |
Evidence insufficient to draw a conclusion | 20 (11) |
Unable to draw a conclusion from the paper | 9 (5) |
Missing data | 3 (2) |
Cited article type | |
Randomised controlled trial | 51(28) |
Observational study | 72 (40) |
Animal | 13 (7) |
Other | 1 (1) |
Systematic review with meta-analysis | 16 (9) |
Systematic review without meta-analysis | 9 (5) |
Narrative review | 18 (10) |
Missing data | 3 (2) |
Cited article population | |
Adults | 85 (46) |
Children | 49 (27) |
Both | 32 (17) |
Missing data | 17 (9) |
Median (IQR) | |
Sample size | |
Randomised controlled trials | 50 (25–155) |
Observational studies | 2760 (781–15 984) |
Number of authors | 5 (3–7) |
Journal impact factor, current (2018) | 3.97 (3.05–6.57) |
Journal impact factor, last 5 years | 4.51 (3.33–7.67) |
Years since cited article was published | 5 (2–10) |
BW, body weight; IQR, Interquartile range; LES, low-energy sweeteners; n, sample size.