Characteristics of vitamin D instruments and association with measured vitamin D status in UK Biobank (n=401 460)
| Loci | SNP | EA | NEA | EAF | Beta-vitD | P-vitD | F-statistic | |
| N=10 000 | N=1 300 000 | |||||||
| Instrument A | 53 | 6915 | ||||||
| GC | rs11723621 | G | A | 0.29 | −0.19 | 2.9E-1689 | 147 | 19 072 |
| CYP2R1 | rs10832289 | T | A | 0.41 | −0.07 | 2.03E-266 | 23 | 2999 |
| DHCR7 | rs12803256 | G | A | 0.78 | 0.10 | 1.3E-378 | 35 | 4597 |
| CYP24A1 | rs6127099 | T | A | 0.28 | −0.04 | 9.30E-62 | 5 | 715 |
| Instrument B | 37 | 4746 | ||||||
| SEC23A | rs8018720 | C | G | 0.82 | −0.03 | 4.04E-36 | 3 | 391 |
| AMDHD1 | rs10859995 | C | T | 0.58 | −0.04 | 7.03E-89 | 8 | 983 |
| Instrument C* | 5 | 600 | ||||||
Source: Manousaki et al.22
*Characteristics of all SNPs in instrument C are shown in online supplemental table 1.
Beta-vitD, beta-coefficient for association of an additional effect allele with an SD change in serum vitamin D in the log scale; EA, effect allele; EAF, effect allele frequency; F-statistic, measure of instrument strength, calculated as described in the 'Methods' section, shown for approximate minimum and maximum sample sizes across the COVID-19 outcomes; NEA, non-effect allele; P-vitD, p value for the beta-coefficient; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.