Estimated mean differences in DBP (mm Hg) with 50 g increment of carbohydrate intake using QR models across DBP distribution*†
| Male | Female | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| 10th | 0.25 (-0.94 to 1.44) | 0.21 (-0.55 to 0.97) | −0.02 (−0.87 to 0.87) | −0.17 (-1.11 to 0.78) | 0.67 (0.16 to 1.18) | 0.92 (0.19 to 1.66) | 0.94 (-0.05 to 1.93) | 1.07 (-0.21 to 2.35) |
| 20th | 0.08 (-0.67 to 0.83) | 0.25 (-0.98 to 1.48) | 0.16 (-0.72 to 1.05) | 0.06 (-0.75 to 0.87) | 0.74 (0.16 to 1.33) | 0.87 (0.51 to 1.24) | 0.59 (-0.10 to 1.28) | 0.35 (-0.30 to 1.08) |
| 30th | 1.61 (-0.39 to 0.71) | 0.26 (-1.26 to 1.77) | 0.28 (-0.64 to 1.20) | 0.08 (-0.52 to 0.67) | 0.50 (-0.21 to 1.21) | 0.79 (0.33 to 1.25) | 0.74 (-0.02 to 1.51) | 0.67 (0.07 to 1.29) |
| 40th | 0.31 (-0.43 to 1.06) | 0.28 (-0.61 to 1.17) | 0.33 (-0.45 to 1.11) | 0.15 (-0.74 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.33 to 1.67) | 1.15 (0.37 to 1.92) | 0.95 (0.10 to 1.79) | 0.89 (0.10 to 1.67) |
| 50th | 0.50 (-0.11 to 1.11) | 0.44 (-0.34 to 1.23) | 0.53 (-0.05 to 1.11) | 0.59 (-0.47 to 1.65) | 1.00 (0.29 to 1.71) | 0.97 (0.27 to 1.67) | 1.00 (0.18 to 1.84) | 1.00 (0.34 to 1.67) |
| 60th | 0.65 (-0.18 to 1.48) | 0.48 (-0.27 to 1.23) | 0.50 (-0.29 to 1.29) | 0.42 (-0.71 to 1.54) | 1.00 (0.50 to 1.50) | 1.18 (0.30 to 2.06) | 0.94 (0.39 to 1.49) | 0.99 (0.29 to 1.70) |
| 70th | 0.80 (-0.03 to 1.62) | 0.51 (-0.36 to 1.39) | 0.70 (-0.13 to 1.52) | 0.88 (-0.43 to 2.18) | 1.34 (0.38 to 2.31) | 1.12 (0.07 to 2.17) | 1.11 (0.45 to 1.77) | 1.22 (0.29 to 2.15) |
| 80th | 0.69 (-0.27 to 1.65) | 0.80 (-0.27 to 1.88) | 0.70 (-0.12 to 1.53) | 1.25 (-0.22 to 2.72) | 1.01 (0.04 to 1.98) | 1.32 (0.36 to 2.28) | 1.19 (0.26 to 2.12) | 1.50 (0.41 to 2.60) |
| 90th | 1.10 (-0.58 to 2.79) | 0.66 (-0.17 to 2.48) | 0.78 (-0.35 to 1.92) | 0.80 (-0.59 to 2.29) | 1.52 (0.50 to 2.54) | 1.46 (0.36 to 2.57) | 0.96 (0.00 to 1.92) | 1.59 (0.61 to 2.58) |
| OLS | 0.56 (-0.03 to 1.16) | 0.47 (-0.16 to 1.10) | 0.46 (-0.16 to 1.08) | 0.61 (-0.08 to 1.31) | 0.83 (0.36 to 1.31) | 1.00 (0.50 to 1.50) | 0.95 (0.45 to 1.44) | 1.05 (0.45 to 1.65) |
Values are β-estimates (95% CI). The 95% CIs were obtained using 1000 bootstrap replications.
*Coefficients significant at the 5% level were italic; those at 1% level were bold.
†Model adjustments: Model 1: adjusted for energy. Model 2: model 1 and further adjusted for age, education, fortune index and family history of hypertension. Model 3: model 2 and further adjusted for BMI, physical activity level, alcohol intake and smoke. Model 4: model 3 and further adjusted two nutrient principal components, protein and sodium intake.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OLS, ordinary least squared; QR, quantile regression.;