Table 4

Metabolite concentrations (and SD) and differences between vegetarians, semivegetarians and non-vegetarians

Metabolite	Class	Vegetarians		Semivegetarians		non-vegetarians		ANOVA	FDR
Metabolite	Class	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value	P value
Sum of Cer	Metabolism indicators	9.05	7.85	15.44	4.88	26.67	7.49	0.0017	0.0282
Cer(d16:1/23:0)	Ceramides	0.18	0.21	0.34	0.06	0.56	0.14	0.0019	0.0282
Sum of LCFA-Cer	Metabolism indicators	4.82	4.69	8.62	2.57	16.16	5.74	0.0019	0.0282
Cer(d18:2/18:0)	Ceramides	0.01	0.03	0.12	0.07	0.30	0.19	0.0028	0.0282
Cer(d16:1/22:0)	Ceramides	0.37	0.32	0.53	0.15	0.96	0.25	0.0031	0.0282
Cer(d18:1/18:1)	Ceramides	0.23	0.17	0.16	0.07	1.06	0.73	0.0046	0.0282
Cer(d18:0/22:0)	Dihydroceramides	0.14	0.20	0.15	0.17	0.57	0.26	0.0049	0.1200
1-Met-His synthesis	Metabolism indicators	6.29	3.76	0.83	1.37	0.39	0.31	0.0058	0.0282
Ratio of short-chain to long-chain ACs	Metabolism indicators	0.95	0.32	0.80	0.29	0.46	0.07	0.0058	0.0282
Cer(d18:2/24:0)	Ceramides	0.04	0.06	0.10	0.11	0.21	0.05	0.0061	0.0282
Sum of VLCFA-Cer	Metabolism indicators	4.24	3.32	6.81	2.66	10.53	2.69	0.0067	0.0282
PC ae C36:5	Phosphatidylcholines	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.21	0.14	0.0071	0.0282
Sum of VLCFA-DH-Cer	Metabolism indicators	0.65	0.24	1.11	0.55	2.35	0.95	0.0075	0.0282
SM C26:0	Sphingomyelins	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.0080	0.0282
PEA	Biogenic amines	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.19	0.97	0.74	0.0096	0.0301
CE(20:1)	Cholesteryl esters	1.14	0.71	0.12	0.30	0.22	0.54	0.0098	0.0301
Cer(d18:1/22:0)	Ceramides	0.56	0.37	0.80	0.34	1.30	0.41	0.0115	0.0330
CE(14:1)	Cholesteryl esters	0.07	0.17	0.00	0.00	0.44	0.39	0.0147	0.0347
PEA synthesis	Metabolism indicators	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.0157	0.0347
Cer(d18:0/24:1)	Dihydroceramides	0.18	0.23	0.49	0.23	0.73	0.36	0.0157	0.0347
TG(17:1_32:1)	Triacylglycerides	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.12	0.23	0.18	0.0158	0.0347
HexCer(d18:1/24:1)	Hexosylceramides	2.45	1.16	5.48	2.63	7.24	3.29	0.0158	0.0347
Cer(d16:1/24:0)	Ceramides	0.13	0.23	0.25	0.10	0.43	0.11	0.0178	0.0373
Sum of VLCFA-Glycosyl-Cer	Metabolism indicators	6.54	3.48	14.91	6.92	18.24	8.21	0.0200	0.0383
Cer(d18:1/24:1)	Ceramides	0.89	0.72	1.31	0.59	2.12	0.71	0.0200	0.0383
Cer(d18:1/18:0(OH))	Ceramides	0.10	0.18	0.19	0.24	0.52	0.29	0.0213	0.0386
Sum of Glycosyl-Cer	Metabolism indicators	9.94	5.55	21.58	9.26	26.38	11.98	0.0224	0.0386
Sum of HexCer	Metabolism indicators	7.26	4.18	16.20	7.72	20.00	8.90	0.0227	0.0386
HexCer(d18:1/26:0)	Hexosylceramides	0.21	0.14	0.41	0.17	0.52	0.22	0.0291	0.0454
TG(18:0_32:0)	Triacylglycerides	1.79	0.21	1.46	0.27	1.34	0.32	0.0302	0.0454
Cer(d18:2/16:0)	Ceramides	0.17	0.09	0.28	0.15	0.39	0.15	0.0308	0.0454
DG(17:0_18:1)	Diglycerides	1.59	0.76	1.37	1.20	2.93	0.96	0.0316	0.0454
Cer(d18:1/20:0)	Ceramides	0.11	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.21	0.08	0.0353	0.0454
C12-DC	Acylcarnitines	1.20	0.36	0.90	0.15	1.42	0.37	0.0355	0.0454
PC ae C38:6	Phosphatidylcholines	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.04	0.14	0.11	0.0365	0.0454
Sum of LCFA-Glycosyl-Cer	Metabolism indicators	3.36	2.16	6.53	2.47	8.05	3.74	0.0366	0.0454
Cer(d18:1/24:0)	Ceramides	0.54	0.44	0.97	0.52	1.37	0.52	0.0368	0.0454
Cer(d18:1/18:0)	Ceramides	0.38	0.27	0.55	0.31	2.76	2.76	0.0378	0.0454
TG(18:1_32:2)	Triacylglycerides	1.37	1.49	3.03	1.71	3.58	0.78	0.0381	0.0454
PC aa C34:4	Phosphatidylcholines	0.07	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.0395	0.0454
Cer(d18:2/18:1)	Ceramides	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.05	0.0401	0.0454
PC ae C38:5	Phosphatidylcholines	0.07	0.03	0.13	0.06	0.17	0.08	0.0405	0.0454
PC ae C34:3	Phosphatidylcholines	0.02	0.04	0.18	0.20	0.54	0.53	0.0438	0.0480
CE(18:0)	Cholesteryl esters	1.13	0.57	0.92	0.41	3.02	2.41	0.0455	0.0487
Cer(d18:1/25:0)	Ceramides	0.44	0.30	0.75	0.48	1.16	0.55	0.0472	0.0493
PC ae C44:4	Phosphatidylcholines	0.11	0.01	0.12	0.01	0.13	0.02	0.0498	0.0509

AC, Acylcarnitine; ANOVA, analysis of variance; C12-DC, dodecanedioylcarnitine; CE, cholesteryl ester; Cer, ceramide; DG, diglyceride; FDR, false discovery rate; LCFA, long-chain fatty acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PEA, phenylethylamine; SM, sphingomyelin; TG, triglyceride.