Table 2

Summary relative risks for subtypes of fruits and type 2 diabetes, high versus low and dose–response analyses

Fruit subtype	High versus low analysis						Dose–response analysis
Fruit subtype	n	RR (95% CI)	I²	P_h	Egger	References	n	Increment	RR (95% CI)	I²	P_h	Egger	References
Apples	3	0.79 (0.72 to 0.87)	0	0.52	0.03	10 25 26	2	Per 100 g/day	0.91 (0.88 to 0.95)	0	0.87	–	10 26
Apples and pears	5	0.88 (0.77 to 1.00)	74.7	0.003	0.21	21 51 61	4	Per 100 g/day	0.90 (0.83 to 0.97)	38.4	0.18	0.98	21 61
Bananas	5	0.97 (0.84 to 1.13)	70.5	0.009	0.80	10 21 61	5	Per 100 g/day	0.93 (0.80 to 1.08)	84.4	<0.0001	0.72	10 21 61
Berries	5	0.89 (0.72 to 1.10)	79.6	0.001	0.27	8 21 22	5	Per 50 g/day	0.94 (0.77 to 1.14)	86.7	<0.0001	0.76	8 21 22
Blueberries	3	0.76 (0.67 to 0.87)	0	0.49	0.54	21	3	Per 50 g/day	0.60 (0.49 to 0.73)	0	0.59	0.70	21
Cantaloupe	3	1.11 (1.02 to 1.20)	0	0.57	0.37	21	3	Per 100 g/day	1.18 (1.04 to 1.34)	0	0.82	0.18	21
Citrus fruits	6	1.04 (0.98 to 1.11)	0	0.92	0.79	6 9 10 12 14 15	6	Per 100 g/day	1.02 (0.96 to 1.08)	46.9	0.09	0.29	6 9 10 12 14 15
Fruit drinks	6	1.28 (1.07 to 1.52)	62.0	0.02	0.37	22 40 63–66	7	Per 250 g/day	1.13 (1.01 to 1.27)	66.4	0.007	0.19	22 40 57 63–66
Fruit juice	8	1.09 (1.02 to 1.18)	44.2	0.08	0.08	12 21 23 29 50 59	8	Per 250 g/day	1.08 (1.00 to 1.16)	68.7	0.002	0.78	12 21 23 29 50 59
100% fruit juice	4	0.95 (0.84 to 1.08)	0	0.64	0.69	12 29 50 59	4	Per 250 g/day	0.97 (0.91 to 1.03)	0	0.86	0.31	12 29 50 59
Grapefruit	3	0.94 (0.81 to 1.10)	48.4	0.14	0.75	21	3	Per 100 g/day	0.90 (0.82 to 0.99)	4.6	0.35	0.44	21
Grapes and raisins	4	0.83 (0.76 to 0.91)	0	0.78	0.98	10 21	4	Per 50 g/day	0.74 (0.66 to 0.83)	0	0.69	0.45	10 21
Oranges	4	0.99 (0.93 to 1.06)	0	0.51	0.35	10 21	4	Per 100 g/day	0.97 (0.92 to 1.04)	0	0.89	0.53	10 21
Peaches, plums and apricots	3	0.91 (0.80 to 1.04)	2.6	0.36	0.72	21	3	Per 100 g/day	0.89 (0.73 to 1.09)	44.9	0.16	0.33	21
Prunes	3	0.94 (0.80 to 1.11)	34.0	0.22	0.63	21	3	Per 100 g/day	0.73 (0.52 to 1.02)	0	0.45	0.78	21
Strawberries	3	1.11 (0.90 to 1.38)	35.2	0.21	0.08	21	3	Per 50 g/day	1.10 (0.88 to 1.38)	76.5	0.01	0.24	21
Watermelon	2	1.06 (0.95 to 1.20)	0	0.64	–	9 10	2	Per 100 g/day	1.05 (1.00 to 1.11)	0	0.72	–	9 10

n, number of studies; P_h, p value for heterogeneity; RR, relative risk.