Table 3

Multivariable model for well-being and nutrition in secondary school children (n=7570)

Variable type	Variable	Coefficient	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P value*
Nutrition	Fruit and veg intake
	None (ref)	–	–	–	–
	1 or 2	1.416	0.640	2.192	<0.001
	3 or 4	2.336	1.584	3.088	<0.001
	5 or more	3.733	2.937	4.530	<0.001
	Breakfast type
	Conventional (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Snack or breakfast bar only	−1.146	−2.001	−0.291	0.009
	Non-energy drink only	−1.681	−2.557	−0.806	<0.001
	Energy drink only	−3.144	−5.088	−1.201	0.002
	Something else only	−1.142	−2.865	0.580	0.194
	Nothing	−2.729	−3.352	−2.106	<0.001
	Lunch type
	Packed lunch (ref)	–	–	–	–
	School/college food	0.280	−0.205	0.765	0.258
	Takeaway or shop	−0.477	−1.585	0.631	0.399
	Went home for lunch	−0.491	−1.572	0.591	0.374
	Did not have any lunch	−2.948	−3.678	−2.218	<0.001
	Free school meal status
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Don't know	−0.320	−1.190	0.550	0.471
	Don't want to say	−0.688	−3.330	1.954	0.610
	No, but I could have had them	−0.637	−1.962	0.687	0.346
	Yes, in the past 6 years	−0.099	−0.768	0.570	0.772
	Yes, I have them now	−0.130	−0.929	0.668	0.749
	Alcohol intake
	Never (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Special occasions	0.205	−0.332	0.743	0.454
	<1 per month	−0.099	−0.969	0.771	0.823
	≥1 per month	−0.594	−1.436	0.248	0.167
	Most days	−4.660	−7.147	−2.173	<0.001
	Weight satisfaction
	I’m happy (ref)	–	–	–	–
	I would like to lose weight	−3.026	−3.481	−2.572	<0.001
	I would like to put on weight	−2.260	−3.126	−1.395	<0.001
Demographic	Age group
	12 years (ref)	–	–	–	–
	13 years	−1.217	−1.781	−0.653	<0.001
	14 years	−2.144	−2.770	−1.517	<0.001
	15 years	−2.270	−3.052	−1.487	<0.001
	16 years	−2.402	−3.372	−1.433	<0.001
	17 years	−4.040	−5.212	−2.868	<0.001
	18+ years	−3.512	−5.225	−1.800	<0.001
	Gender
	Female (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Male	2.945	2.510	3.380	<0.001
	Transgender	0.580	−2.737	3.898	0.732
	Other description	−0.488	−3.484	2.508	0.750
	I don't want to say	2.303	0.312	4.294	0.023
	Sexuality
	Heterosexual (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Homo, bi, other, multiple	−2.541	−3.421	−1.660	<0.001
	Unsure	−2.084	−3.018	−1.151	<0.001
	Prefer not to say	−1.393	−2.359	−0.426	0.005
	Ethnic group
	White (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Black	2.874	1.245	4.503	0.001
	Asian	0.213	−1.476	1.901	0.805
	Chinese	−2.164	−5.327	0.999	0.180
	Mixed or other background	0.816	−0.239	1.871	0.129
	Romany, gypsy or traveller	3.339	0.048	6.629	0.047
	Don't want to say	−2.383	−3.912	−0.855	0.002
	Deprivation
	High (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Average	0.317	−0.297	0.932	0.312
	Low	0.067	−0.412	0.546	0.784
Health	Disability/long-term illness
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Not sure	−0.937	−1.588	−0.285	0.005
	Yes	−0.540	−1.064	−0.016	0.044
	Don't want to day	−1.634	−2.814	−0.455	0.007
	Smoking
	Never tried (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Tried but never used	−0.666	−1.605	0.272	0.164
	Used in the past but not now	0.283	−0.979	1.546	0.660
	Use now	−0.609	−2.083	0.865	0.418
	Vaping
	Never tried (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Tried but never used	0.291	−0.459	1.040	0.448
	Used in the past but not now	1.419	0.379	2.460	0.008
	Use now	2.708	0.941	4.474	0.003
	Drug use
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Yes	−1.375	−2.488	−0.261	0.016
Living/home situation	Parental living situation
	Mum and dad (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Mainly or only one parent	−0.185	−0.782	0.412	0.543
	Mum and dad shared	0.532	−0.320	1.383	0.221
	Parent+step-parent/partner	−0.551	−1.217	0.115	0.105
	Same sex parents	−2.906	−8.057	2.244	0.269
	Other relatives	0.134	−1.906	2.174	0.898
	Foster or social worker	−1.903	−4.615	0.809	0.169
	Other	2.082	−1.166	5.329	0.209
	Own bed
	Yes (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Not sure	−3.228	−6.510	0.054	0.054
	No	−0.755	−2.753	1.243	0.459
	Don't want to say	−1.113	−4.199	1.972	0.479
	Hours spent caring
	None (ref)	–	–	–	–
	≤2 hours per day	0.554	−0.492	1.600	0.299
	>2 hours per day	0.006	−2.122	2.133	0.996
	Parent smokes
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Yes	−0.381	−0.855	0.094	0.116
	Feel safe at school
	Yes, always (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Yes, sometimes	−3.444	−3.931	−2.956	<0.001
	No	−7.128	−8.061	−6.195	<0.001
	Feel safe at home
	Yes, always (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Yes, sometimes	−3.649	−4.379	−2.920	<0.001
	No	−5.390	−7.211	−3.570	<0.001
Adverse experience	Been bullied
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Yes, a little	−0.942	−1.438	−0.446	<0.001
	Yes, a lot	−1.822	−2.638	−1.005	<0.001
	Bullied others
	No (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Don't know	−1.710	−2.265	−1.156	<0.001
	Yes	−0.279	−0.895	0.336	0.374
	Argue/violence at home
	Never (ref)	–	–	–	–
	Once or twice a month	−1.005	−1.513	−0.497	<0.001
	Once a week	−1.531	−2.504	−0.559	0.002
	Every day/almost every day	−2.950	−4.063	−1.836	<0.001

*P values are vs the indicated reference group according to ANCOVA.
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance.