Table 3

Regression coefficients describing the effects of glycated haemoglobin during middle age and old age

	Null model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value			β	P value
Intercept	5.4074	<0.001	5.2455	<0.001	5.2663	<0.001	5.3103	<0.001	5.2685	<0.001	5.3425	<0.001
Time			0.2026	<0.001	0.193	<0.001	0.2003	<0.001	0.2127	<0.001	0.2099	<0.001
Short duration between dinner and bedtime vs >2 hours					−0.02094	0.4463
Short duration × time					0.007436	0.6507
Higher TG in 2012 vs normal							−0.08106	<0.001
TG × time							0.00292	0.8061
Higher BP in 2012 year vs normal									−0.03278	0.0633
BP × time									−0.01396	0.1859
Higher BMI in 2012 vs normal											−0.1259	<0.001
BMI × time											−0.00917	0.4231
Men vs women
Sex × time
Smoking vs non-smoking
Smoking × time
Alcohol consumption vs no alcohol consumption
Alcohol consumption × time
Regular exercise vs no exercise
Regular exercise × time
AIC	3268.9		1737.9		1654.8		1734.4		1745.2		1703.5
BIC	3279.6		1759.3		1675.9		1755.8		1766.7		1725
Residual variance	0.08885	<0.001	0.04911	<0.001	0.0492	<0.001	0.0491	<0.001	0.04907	<0.001	0.04908	<0.001

	Null model		Model 6		Model 7		Model 8		Model 9		Model 10
	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value
Intercept	5.4074	<0.001	5.2412	<0.001	5.1835	<0.001	5.2027	<0.001	5.2125	<0.001	5.3261	<0.001
Time			0.1974	<0.001	0.2106	<0.001	0.192	<0.001	0.2083	<0.001	0.2169	<0.001
Short duration between dinner and bedtime vs >2 hours											0.02728	0.3135
Short duration × time											−0.00735	0.6545
Higher TG in 2012 vs normal
TG × time
Higher BP in 2012 vs normal
BP × time
Higher BMI in 2012 vs normal											−0.1388	<0.001
BMI × time											−0.01138	0.3375
Men vs women			0.006756	0.686
Sex × time			0.008038	0.4185
Smoking vs non-smoking					0.06839	0.0133
Smoking × time					−0.00878	0.5907
Alcohol consumption vs no alcohol consumption							0.05187	0.0109
Alcohol consumption × time							0.01176	0.3202
Regular exercise vs no exercise									0.06625	<0.001
Regular exercise × time									−0.01521	0.12
AIC	3268.9		1750.7		1743.5		1648.2		1641.3		1615.3
BIC	3279.6		1772.1		1764.9		1669.3		1662.4		1636.4
Residual variance	0.08885	<0.001	0.04912	<0.001	0.0491	<0.001	0.04921	<0.001	0.04929	<0.001	0.04917	<0.001

	Null model		Model 11		Model 12		Model 13
	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value
Intercept	5.4074	<0.001	5.172	<0.001	5.1949	<0.001	5.2556	<0.001
Time			0.2067	<0.001	0.2002	<0.001	0.08654	0.0983
Short duration between dinner and bedtime vs >2 hours			0.01251	0.6513	0.009657	0.7284	0.03363	0.2105
Short duration × time			−0.00671	0.6863	−0.01002	0.5462	−0.01094	0.5071
Higher TG in 2012 vs normal							0.07234	<0.001
TG × time							−0.00784	0.5272
Higher BP in 2012 vs normal
BP × time
Higher BMI in 2012 vs normal							−0.1232	<0.001
BMI × time							−0.01361	0.2589
Men vs women
Sex × time
Smoking vs non-smoking			0.06636	0.0213
Smoking × time			0.005869	0.7277
Alcohol consumption vs no alcohol consumption					0.05071	0.0141
Alcohol consumption × time					0.01283	0.2836
Regular exercise vs no exercise							−0.06409	<0.001
Regular exercise × time							0.02414	0.0184
AIC	3268.9		1661.1		1659.5		1618.9
BIC	3279.6		1682.2		1680.6		1640
Residual variance	0.08885	<0.001	0.04919	<0.001	0.04921	<0.001	0.04918	<0.001

AIC, Akaike information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.