Health impacts (in QALYs) and health system costs for tax policies, for the NZ population alive in 2011 (lifetime horizon) with 3% discount rate
| Non-Māori | Māori | Māori | Ethnic groups combined | ||
| QALYs gained | QALYs gained | Equity analysis QALYs gained* | QALYs gained | Cost savings (2011 NZ$ billion) | |
| Denmark – excise duties on saturated fat, chocolate and sweets | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI)† | 496 500 (401 900 to 599 700) | 133 300 (112 800 to 157 100) | 174 800‡ | 629 700 (518 100 to 752 000) | $12.2 (9.4 to 15.3) |
| Men | 265 900 | 66 300 | 87 200 | 332 200 | $6.5 |
| Women | 230 500 | 67 000 | 87 700 | 297 500 | $5.7 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 133.1 (171.9) | 197.7 (256.9) | 259.3 (337.8) | 142.9 | 2769 |
| Bermuda – 50% ad valorem tax on SSB | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 184 400 (148 500 to 225 400) | 104 100 (87 400 to 122 900) | 134 200 | 288 600 (237 500 to 347 200) | $5.6 (4.4 to 7.2) |
| Men | 116 800 | 60 800 | 78 200 | 177 600 | $3.5 |
| Women | 67 700 | 43 300 | 56 000 | 111 000 | $2.1 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 49.4 (64.5) | 154.5 (198.1) | 199.0 (256.2) | 65.5 | 1278 |
| Gulf Cooperation Council – ad valorem excise tax on carbonated beverages and energy drinks | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 171 300 (139 300 to 209 100) | 101 600 (85 500 to 119 600) | 130 400 | 272 900 (226 500 to 326 000) | $5.3 (4.1 to 6.8) |
| Men | 111 400 | 58 000 | 74 200 | 169 400 | $3.4 |
| Women | 59 900 | 43 600 | 56 100 | 103 600 | $2.0 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 47.6 (62.7) | 150.7 (192.8) | 193.4 (248.5) | 61.9 | 1212 |
| Mexico – excise tax on SSB and 8% ad valorem tax on junk food | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 179 100 (141 400 to 221 300) | 59 700 (49 700 to 71 200) | 77 200 | 238 800 (192 000 to 291 000) | $4.8 (3.7 to 6.1) |
| Men | 95 000 | 30 500 | 39 400 | 125 400 | $2.6 |
| Women | 84 100 | 29 300 | 37 800 | 113 400 | $2.2 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 48.0 (62.6) | 88.6 (114.2) | 114.5 (148.1) | 54.2 | 1083 |
| Norway – excise taxes on SSB, chocolate and sugar products | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 133 400 (108 700 to 161 100) | 46 200 (38 800 to 54 600) | 59 300 | 179 600 (147 700 to 214 000) | $3.5 (2.8 to 4.5) |
| Men | 71 000 | 25 200 | 32 400 | 96 300 | $1.9 |
| Women | 62 400 | 21 000 | 27 000 | 83 400 | $1.6 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 35.8 (46.3) | 68.6 (88.2) | 88.0 (113.7) | 40.8 | 799 |
| Finland – excise duties on SSB, confectionery and ice cream | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 94 500 (75 900 to 114 900) | 43 400 (36 400 to 51 100) | 55 400 | 137 900 (113 100 to 165 000) | $2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) |
| Men | 54 500 | 23 700 | 30 100 | 78 200 | $1.6 |
| Women | 40 000 | 19 800 | 25 300 | 59 800 | $1.1 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 25.3 (32.9) | 64.4 (82.6) | 82.2 (105.9) | 31.3 | 614 |
| American Samoa – excise tax and import tariff on SSB (not including milkshakes and flavoured milks) | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 83 100 (67 200 to 102 200) | 42 400 (35 700 to 50 600) | 54 000 | 125 600 (103 500 to 153 000) | $2.5 (1.9 to 3.1) |
| Men | 50 400 | 24 200 | 30 800 | 74 600 | $1.5 |
| Women | 32 700 | 18 200 | 23 200 | 50 900 | $1.0 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 22.3 (29.0) | 63.0 (80.7) | 80.1 (103.1) | 28.5 | 558 |
| Dominica – excise taxes on SSB and sugary foods (not including milkshakes and flavoured milks) | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 59 400 (47 600 to 72 600) | 24 700 (20 500 to 29 200) | 31 200 | 84 100 (68 800 to 101 000) | $1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) |
| Men | 33 500 | 13 000 | 16 300 | 46 500 | $0.9 |
| Women | 25 900 | 11 700 | 14 900 | 37 600 | $0.7 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 15.9 (20.7) | 36.6 (46.8) | 46.3 (59.5) | 19.1 | 377 |
| Barbados – 10% ad valorem tax on SSB | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 40 600 (32 700 to 49 900) | 22 400 (18 500 to 26 700) | 28 000 | 63 000 (51 600 to 76 000) | $1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Men | 26 100 | 13 700 | 17 200 | 39 900 | $0.8 |
| Women | 14 400 | 8700 | 10 900 | 23 100 | $0.5 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 10.9 (14.3) | 33.2 (42.3) | 41.6 (53.1) | 14.3 | 284 |
| Palau – import tax on SSB | |||||
| Sex groups combined (95% UI) | 35 300 (28 600 to 43 300) | 19 500 (16 200 to 23100) | 24 300 | 54 900 (44 900 to 66 000) | $1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Men | 22 800 | 11 700 | 14 600 | 34 500 | $0.7 |
| Women | 12 500 | 7800 | 9800 | 20 300 | $0.4 |
| Per capita (QALYs/1000 people and $) | 9.5 (12.4) | 29.0 (36.8) | 36.1 (46.1) | 12.5 | 245 |
*QALY gains in the equity analysis were calculated using non-Māori background morbidity and mortality rates.
†95% UI: 95% uncertainty interval.
‡Expected value analysis (ie, 95% UIs are not available for the equity analysis estimates).
NZ, New Zealand; QALYs, quality-adjusted life years ; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages .