Proposed data framework in relation to health, food, nutrition, and the COVID-19 pandemic
| Food Production & Supply | Food Access | Food Choices & Dietary patterns | Nutritional status & comorbidities | Health/disease outcomes | Health & Nutrition Services | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual/Household | Allotment use/gardening metrics; Policies and incentives | Proportion of expenditure on food; Food bank use; Food insecurity; Coping strategy index; Social mobility (across generations and in the shorter term); Numbers moving into (and out of) poverty | Food preferences; Food purchasing; Food preparation; Food consumption; Food waste; Breastfeeding | Primary/secondary health care records | Physical activity; Mental health; Wearable device data; Chronic disease management; Health insurance data | Access to sanitation & potable water; Use of universal healthcare services; Use of nutrition/dietitian services; Use of mental health services | |
| Regional/National | Production indices of specific food groups; Production values; Export/import quantities & values; Dietary energy supply adequacy; Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals, roots and tubers; Protein supply; Protein supply of animal origin; Local food production; Organic agriculture; Policies and incentives for farmers; Local or Community initiatives | Cereal import dependency; Population living in poverty; Un/Employment rates; Proportion of expenditure on food; Food prices (food basket & food groups); Food bank use; Financial aid for families; Food emergency services; Disruption food provision services (schools, community kitchens, etc.); Food delivery services | Purchasing patterns (supermarkets, grocery stores, take away, restaurants); Food waste; Food advertisement; Supplement sales; Policies & incentives promoting specific foods | Low birthweight; Stunting/wasting; Overweight & obesity; Micronutrient deficiencies | Hospital admissions; Prescribed/OTC drugs purchasing; Mortality rates (disease-specific & all cause) | Provision of sanitation services & potable water; Universal healthcare services; Nutrition/dietitian part of universal healthcare; Mental health part of universal healthcare; Healthcare services disruption; Hospital admission patterns | |
| Global | UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) surveillance data | Global Hunger Index; Global Food Security Index | Global Dietary Database | WHO, UNICEF and Global Nutrition Report surveillance data | WHO and Global Burden of Disease and CDC (with regional equivalents) surveillance data | Commonwealth Association of Dietitians and Nutritionists, European Federation of Associations of Dietitians (with regional equivalents) | |