Sociodemographic factors and changes in food consumption associated with change in body weight during the pandemic
| Variables | Category | Lost weight | No change | Gained weight | P value† |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Sociodemographics, economy and presence of comorbidities | |||||
| Age | 18–44 years old | 118 (74.7) | 201 (73.9) | 206 (78) | 0.653 |
| 45–60 years old | 22 (13.9) | 44 (16.2) | 38 (14.4) | ||
| Over 60 years old | 18 (11.4) | 27 (9.9) | 20 (7.6) | ||
| Gender | Female | 110 (69.6) | 199 (73.2) | 189 (71.6) | 0.732 |
| Male | 48 (30.4) | 73 (26.8) | 75 (28.4) | ||
| Education level | Primary education | 2 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 0.518 |
| Secondary education | 36 (22.8) | 52 (19.1) | 62 (23.5) | ||
| Higher technical education | 17 (10.8) | 35 (12.9) | 45 (17) | ||
| University higher education | 71 (44.9) | 120 (44.1) | 97 (36.7) | ||
| Postgraduate | 32 (20.3) | 61 (22.4) | 57 (21.6) | ||
| Number of household members | 1–2 members | 46 (29.1) | 98 (36) | 85 (32.2) | 0.242 |
| 3–5 members | 82 (51.9) | 110 (40.4) | 122 (46.2) | ||
| More than five members | 30 (19) | 64 (23.5) | 57 (21.6) | ||
| Household income | Less money than before | 115 (72.8) | 181 (66.5) | 182 (68.9) | 0.032 |
| No changes | 37 (23.4) | 87 (32) | 81 (30.7) | ||
| More money than before | 6 (3.8) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Comorbidity (number of diseases) | 0 | 126 (79.7) | 238 (87.5) | 210 (79.5) | 0.097 |
| 1 | 29 (18.4) | 29 (10.7) | 46 (17.4) | ||
| 2 | 3 (1.9) | 5 (1.8) | 8 (3) | ||
| Change in food consumption before and during the pandemic | |||||
| Fruit consumption | No change | 54 (34.2) | 123 (45.2) | 87 (33) | 0.000** |
| Less | 39 (24.7) | 48 (17.6) | 92 (34.8) | ||
| More | 65 (41.1) | 101 (37.1) | 85 (32.2) | ||
| Consumption of vegetables | No change | 57 (36.1) | 124 (45.6) | 101 (38.3) | 0.005** |
| Less | 29 (18.4) | 39 (14.3) | 69 (26.1) | ||
| More | 72 (45.6) | 109 (40.1) | 94 (35.6) | ||
| Consumption of processed meats | No change | 87 (55.1) | 147 (54) | 133 (50.4) | 0.008** |
| Less | 63 (39.9) | 99 (36.4) | 88 (33.3) | ||
| More | 8 (5.1) | 26 (9.6) | 43 (16.3) | ||
| Consumption of snacks | No change | 81 (51.3) | 149 (54.8) | 123 (46.6) | 0.004** |
| Less | 66 (41.8) | 108 (39.7) | 102 (38.6) | ||
| More | 11 (7) | 15 (5.5) | 39 (14.8) | ||
| Consumption of cereals | No change | 78 (49.4) | 164 (60.3) | 133 (50.4) | 0.000** |
| Less | 35 (22.2) | 43 (15.8) | 23 (8.7) | ||
| More | 45 (28.5) | 65 (23.9) | 108 (40.9) | ||
| Consumption of bakery products | No change | 61 (38.6) | 117 (43) | 89 (33.7) | 0.000** |
| Less | 61 (38.6) | 92 (33.8) | 62 (23.5) | ||
| More | 36 (22.8) | 63 (23.2) | 113 (42.8) | ||
| Consumption of sweetened beverages | No change | 83 (52.5) | 159 (58.5) | 139 (52.7) | 0.000** |
| Less | 72 (45.6) | 101 (37.1) | 94 (35.6) | ||
| More | 3 (1.9) | 12 (4.4) | 31 (11.7) | ||
| Consumption of canned foods | No change | 69 (43.7) | 157 (57.7) | 131 (49.6) | 0.049 |
| Less | 40 (25.3) | 47 (17.3) | 51 (19.3) | ||
| More | 49 (31) | 68 (25) | 82 (31.1) | ||
| Consumption of instant foods | No change | 100 (63.3) | 181 (66.5) | 156 (59.1) | 0.047 |
| Less | 51 (32.3) | 76 (27.9) | 79 (29.9) | ||
| More | 7 (4.4) | 15 (5.5) | 29 (11) | ||
| Consumption of candy | No change | 70 (44.3) | 140 (51.5) | 111 (42) | 0.000** |
| Less | 76 (48.1) | 107 (39.3) | 99 (37.5) | ||
| More | 12 (7.6) | 25 (9.2) | 54 (20.5) | ||
| Consumption of sliced bread and crackers | No change | 78 (49.4) | 140 (51.5) | 111 (42) | 0.002** |
| Less | 51 (32.3) | 81 (29.8) | 68 (25.8) | ||
| More | 29 (18.4) | 51 (18.8) | 85 (32.2) | ||
| Consumption of alcoholic beverages | No change | 90 (57) | 160 (58.8) | 134 (50.8) | 0.010 |
| Less | 62 (39.2) | 105 (38.6) | 106 (40.2) | ||
| More | 6 (3.8) | 7 (2.6) | 24 (9.1) | ||
*Significant at the 0.05 level. **Significant at the 0.01 level.
†χ2 test of independence.