Change in food price index and dietary risk factors* used for health and health system costs modelling for tax policies
| Tax package | Population weighted price index after tax† | ∆ BMI (kg/m2) | ∆ Fruit (g/day) | ∆ Vegetables (g/day) | ∆SSB (g/day) | ∆ Sodium (g/day) | ∆ Poly unsaturated fat intake (% total energy) | ∆ Red meat (g/day) | ∆ Processed meat (g/day) | ∆ Nuts and seeds (g/day) |
| American Samoa – excise tax and import tariff on SSB | 0.8% | −0.14 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −18.9 | −0.01 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Barbados – 10% ad valorem tax on SSB | 0.3% | −0.06 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −14.8 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Bermuda – 50% ad valorem tax on SSB | 1.8% | −0.31 | 0.1 | 0.2 | −56.1 | −0.02 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Denmark – excise duties on saturated fat, chocolate and sweets | 2.5% | −0.90 | 0.1 | −0.3 | 0.4 | −0.08 | 0.0 | −0.5 | −1.4 | −0.1 |
| Dominica – excise taxes on SSB and sugary foods | 0.5% | −0.09 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −11.7 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Finland – excise duties on SSB, confectionery and ice cream | 0.8% | −0.15 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −18.9 | −0.01 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Gulf Cooperation Council – ad valorem excise tax on carbonated beverages and energy drinks | 1.6% | −0.29 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −65.3 | −0.02 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Mexico – excise tax on SSB and 8% ad valorem tax on junk food | 1.3% | −0.36 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −14.1 | −0.02 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.7 |
| Norway – excise taxes on SSB, chocolate and sugar products | 1.4% | −0.22 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −12.9 | −0.01 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Palau – import tax on SSB | 0.3% | −0.05 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −13.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
*The average effect of the tax has been applied to the diet of the average person (Māori male, Māori female, non-Māori male, non-Māori female), as price elasticities take into account the lack of effect on some individuals.
†Using Bayesian price elasticity.
BMI, body mass index; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages .