Impact of housing service expenditure on food purchasing
| Fruit and vegetables | HFSS foods | Takeaways | |
| Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | |
| Unadjusted model | |||
| Full sample | 0.001 (−0.000 to 0.003) p=0.125 | −0.005 (−0.009 to –0.001) p=0.013 | 0.000 (−0.001 to 0.001) p=0.961 |
| Adjusted model* | |||
| Full Sample | 0.001 (−0.000 to 0.003) p=0.119 | −0.006 (−0.010 to –0.002) p=0.001 | 0.000 (−0.001 to 0.002) p=0.676 |
| Adjusted model stratified by IMD† | |||
| 1 (most deprived) | 0.000 (−0.004 to 0.004) p=0.881 | 0.004 (−0.010 to 0.018) p=0.604 | −0.001 (−0.005 to 0.003) p=0.684 |
| 2 | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.007) p=0.056 | −0.011 (−0.019 to –0.004) p=0.004 | −0.000 (−0.003 to 0.003) p=0.931 |
| 3 | −0.000 (−0.004 to 0.003) p=0.824 | −0.012 (−0.022 to –0.003) p=0.009 | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.007) p=0.115 |
| 4 | −0.001 (−0.005 to 0.003) p=0.602 | −0.003 (−0.010 to 0.005) p=0.504 | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.003) p=0.651 |
| 5 (least deprived) | −0.001 (−0.004 to 0.002) p=0.593 | 0.000 (−0.007 to 0.007) p=0.933 | 0.000 (−0.002 to 0.003) p=0.874 |
| Adjusted model stratified by rural/urban area | |||
| Predominantly urban | −0.000 (−0.002 to 0.003) p=0.841 | −0.005 (−0.011 to 0.001) p=0.136 | −0.000 (−0.002 to 0.003) p=0.769 |
| Urban with significant rural | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.006) p=0.117 | −0.008 (−0.015 to –0.001) p=0.035 | 0.001 (−0.001 to 0.002) p=0.595 |
| Predominantly rural | 0.002 (−0.000 to 0.003) p=0.054 | −0.005 (−0.009 to –0.000) p=0.049 | −0.000 (−0.002 to 0.002) p=0.702 |
| Adjusted model stratified by level of reductions in working age benefits‡ | |||
| Lowest quartile (<£321.5) | −0.002 (−0.005 to 0.001) p=0.189 | −0.001 (−0.008 to 0.006) p=0.721 | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.003) p=0.689 |
| Second quartile (£321.5–£403) | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.004) p=0.401 | −0.004 (−0.010 to 0.002) p=0.150 | 0.002 (−0.001 to 0.004) p=0.214 |
| Third quartile (£403–£479) | −0.000 (−0.004 to 0.003) p=0.822 | −0.017 (−0.026 to –0.010) p<0.001 | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.006) p=0.094 |
| Highest quartile (>£479) | 0.002 (−0.001 to 0.006) p=0.152 | 0.000 (−0.011 to 0.011) p=0.973 | −0.002 (−0.006 to 0.001) p=0.204 |
The coefficients represent the percentage point change in purchasing with a 10% decrease in LA service spending (95% CIs in brackets).
*Model adjusted for GDHI, unemployment rate and LA expenditure on other services.
†IMD represents relative deprivation of LAs categorised into quintiles.
‡We stratified by quartiles of reductions in working age benefit by LA, using a dataset estimating the cumulative decreases in benefits for working age people due to welfare reforms between 2010 and 2015 for each LA.
GDHI, gross disposable household income; HFSS, high in fat, sugar and salt; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LA, local authority.