Average LA expenditure per year and change between 2008 and 2015
| Total LA expenditure per capita (£) per year: mean (SD) | % change | Highways and transport LA expenditure per capita (£) per year: mean (SD) | % change | Housing services LA expenditure per capita (£) per year: mean (SD) | % change | ||||
| 2008 | 2015 | 2008 | 2015 | 2008 | 2015 | ||||
| Total | 1386.9 (366.8) | 1144.5 (220.1) | −17 | 171.8 (112.7) | 116.9 (71.9) | −32 | 64.9 (65.4) | 42.2 (45.2) | −35 |
| Region | |||||||||
| North East | 1610.4 (253.4) | 1300.3 (159.1) | −19 | 159.6 (21.8) | 151.8 (44.0) | −5 | 59.2 (27.0) | 34.4 (15.1) | −42 |
| North West | 1429.8 (269.3) | 1195.1 (185.4) | −16 | 163.9 (43.9) | 107.6 (31.7) | −34 | 60.1 (41.1) | 31.5 (15.2) | −48 |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 1305.8 (163.9) | 1115.9 (125.6) | −15 | 142.7 (30.3) | 105.5 (23.2) | −26 | 63.2 (19.4) | 33.0 (11.2) | −48 |
| East Midlands | 1198.9 (169.9) | 1026.1 (114.3) | −14 | 132.3 (29.5) | 80.8 (28.3) | −39% | 31.9 (34.9) | 26.2 (13.4) | −18 |
| West Midlands | 1259.6 (188.7) | 1970.8 (131.7) | −15 | 127.0 (27.0) | 88.3 (23.2) | −31 | 43.1 (26.3) | 40.0 (54.9) | −7 |
| London | 2145.2 (574.3) | 1540.1 (349.0) | −28 | 486.3 (79.8) | 313.3 (41.0) | −36 | 194.7 (117.0) | 139.6 (78.9) | −28 |
| South West | 1264.2 (148.5) | 1108.2 (142.6) | −12 | 142.7 (32.3) | 99.0 (28.5) | −31 | 60.0 (26.4) | 31.2 (15.5) | −48 |
| East of England | 1321.7 (165.5) | 1070.7 (108.5) | −19 | 137.8 (36.5) | 89.1 (20.6) | −49 | 45.6 (27.5) | 35.4 (16.4) | −22 |
| South East | 1265.9 (182.2) | 1082.3 (128.1) | −15 | 120.7 (34.8) | 89.3 (18.4) | −26 | 53.1 (43.6) | 39.9 (20.5) | −25 |
| GDHI* | |||||||||
| Lowest quartile (GDHI <£16 700) | 1358.3 (224.7) | 1138.3 (167.1) | −16 | 141.0 (52.5) | 98.6 (38.8) | −30 | 54.8 (31.0) | 36.2 (18.6) | −34 |
| Second quartile (GDHI £16 700–£18 461) | 1302.9 (288.5) | 1138.3 (245.1) | −13 | 148.6 (77.3) | 115.9 (77.6) | −22 | 52.7 (42.5) | 47.8 (57.4) | −9 |
| Third quartile (GDHI £18 461–£20 725) | 1489.5 (504.0) | 1177.2 (243.1) | −21 | 224.9 (165.4) | 139.2 (94.5) | −38 | 87.2 (96.5) | 56.0 (54.5) | −36 |
| Highest quartile (GDHI>£20 725) | 1356.6 (306.3) | 1122.5 (211.2) | −17 | 155.1 (73.4) | 109.0 (54.4) | −30 | 57.5 (50.3) | 38.2 (38.8) | −34 |
| Unemployment rate | |||||||||
| Lowest quartile (<4.55% unemployed) | 1206.6 (141.0) | 1058.9 (123.6) | −12 | 132.4 (57.9) | 91.4 (28.0) | −32 | 41.8 (18.7) | 31.2 (23.8) | −25 |
| Second quartile (4.55%–5.90% unemployed) | 1326.3 (172.6) | 1163.6 (218.7) | −12 | 158.4 (81.8) | 125.7 (86.3) | −21 | 50.9 (46.5) | 47.2 (40.4) | −7 |
| Third quartile (5.90%–7.74% unemployed) | 1547.0 (472.0) | 1334.8 (292.2) | −14 | 214.1 (150.6) | 179.8 (99.7) | −16 | 85.1 (77.4) | 83.7 (78.7) | −2 |
| Highest quartile (>7.74% unemployed) | 1882.8 (422.1) | 1330.5 (165.7) | −29% | 264.1 (149.9) | 135.9 (59.2) | −49 | 147.1 (105.3) | 49.9 (57.4) | −66 |
| Level of reductions to working age benefits per person per year† | |||||||||
| Lowest quartile (<£321.5) | 1206.5 (159.1) | 1049.5 (126.8) | −13 | 129.5 (63.1) | 93.8 (41.7) | −28 | 40.0 (20.3) | 30.3 (17.3) | −25 |
| Second quartile (£321.5–£403) | 1269.8 (249.3) | 1083.5 (155.8) | −15 | 161.1 (100.3) | 106.5 (64.5) | −34 | 48.5 (46.6) | 35.4 (32.9) | −10 |
| Third quartile (£403–£479) | 1458.1 (401.7) | 1168.2 (215.4) | −20 | 187.8 (122.5) | 126.7 (78.6) | −33 | 71.3 (66.2) | 49.8 (42.1) | −30 |
| Highest quartile (>£479) | 1586.1 (370.3) | 1260.9 (249.9) | −21 | 202.3 (121.3) | 138.5 (82.8) | −31 | 97.5 (79.2) | 60.3 (59.5) | −38 |
| IMD‡ | |||||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 1742.6 (504.4) | 1334.3 (284.6) | −23 | 236.6 (154.1) | 154.0 (91.9) | −35 | 119.1 (102.7) | 72.0 (72.4) | −40 |
| †2 | 1471.2 (373.3) | 1197.7 (244.1) | −19 | 185.3 (122.2) | 130.2 (83.6) | −30 | 77.1 (59.1) | 55.5 (53.6) | −28 |
| ‡3 | 1296.7 (182.1) | 1093.1 (120.2) | −16 | 154.9 (81.5) | 103.3 (58.3) | −33 | 52.21 (48.5) | 37.0 (24.4) | −29 |
| 4 | 1222.3 (171.8) | 1054.4 (126.6) | −14 | 153.0 (89.5) | 103.2 (55.5) | −33 | 38.4 (19.3) | 28.9 (16.2) | −24 |
| 5 (least deprived) | 1207.5 (155.8) | 1046.4 (123.3) | −13 | 131.0 (66.6) | 94.5 (43.9) | −28 | 38.8 (18.4) | 30.9 (17.0) | −20 |
| Rural/urban | |||||||||
| Predominantly urban | 1518.8 (434.5) | 1213.1 (256.6) | −20 | 205.5 (140.0) | 138.7 (88.2) | −33 | 83.5 (80.8) | 56.8 (54.9) | −32 |
| Urban with significant rural | 1243.1 (134.6) | 1076.3 (126.6) | −13 | 139.4 (30.0) | 87.1 (18.4) | −38 | 40.8 (24.8) | 30.3 (11.3) | −26 |
| Predominantly rural | 1209.4 (134.5) | 1048.4 (110.6) | −13 | 130.0 (30.8) | 91.1 (27.2) | −30 | 42.2 (21.2) | 29.5 (28.3) | −30 |
*GDHI per person per year, categorised into four quartiles.
†We stratified by quartiles of reductions in working age benefit by LA, using a dataset estimating the cumulative decreases in benefits for working age people due to welfare reforms between 2010 and 2015 for each LA.
‡IMD represents relative deprivation of LAs, categorised into quintiles.
GDHI, Gross Disposable Household Income; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LA, local authority.