ORs and 95% CI for associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of breast cancer, overall and by receptor status
| Cases/controls | Model 1* | Model 2† | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| All breast cancer‡ | |||
| Tertile 1 | 142/175 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Tertile 2 | 184/175 | 1.27 (0.88 to 1.83) | 1.38 (0.95 to 2.03) |
| Tertile 3 | 199/175 | 1.49 (0.96 to 2.33) | 1.93 (1.11 to 3.35) |
| P-trend | 0.07 | 0.02 | |
| By receptors status | |||
| ER positive | |||
| Tertile 1 | 58/80 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Tertil 2 | 92/80 | 1.37 (0.79 to 2.36) | 1.45 (0.81 to 2.58) |
| Tertile 3 | 90/80 | 1.70 (0.82 to 3.52) | 2.44 (1.01 to 5.90) |
| P-trend | 0.15 | 0.05 | |
| ER negative | |||
| Tertile 1 | 24/31 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Tertile 2 | 32/31 | 1.17 (0.44 to 3.10) | 1.55 (0.55 to 4.37) |
| Tertile 3 | 36/30 | 1.28 (0.44 to 3.72) | 1.87 (0.43 to 8.13) |
| P-trend | 0.64 | 0.36 |
*Model 1: ORs were estimated by logistic regression conditioned on age (±3 years), city district of residence and health insurance institution and adjusted for education, (≤primary/secondary/>secondary), moderate intensity physical activity (continuous), number of full-term pregnancies (continuous), age at first full-term pregnancy (nulliparous/<20; 20–25; ≥25), breast feeding ever (yes/no), BMI (continuous) and total energy intake (continuous).
†Model 2: Additionally adjusted for energy intake from the other NOVA groups (NOVA 1, NOVA 2, NOVA 3 added simultaneously in the model).
‡Cut-off points for tertiles are respectively: Tertile 1=≤495.5; tertile 2=495.5–896.6; tertile 3=>896.6 kcal/day.
BMI, body mass index; ER, oestrogen receptor .