Purchasing of foods per year, averaged across 2008–2015 by sociodemographic variables
| Fruit and vegetables | HFSS | Takeaways | ||||
| £ per year | % of total food and drinks | £ per year | % of total food and drinks | £ per year | % of total food and drinks | |
| Total | 200.6 (14.8) | 10.7 (0.3) | 542.6 (38.8) | 28.9 (1.1) | 102.8 (7.7) | 5.5 (0.5) |
| Region | ||||||
| North East | 191.5 (11.1) | 10.6 (0.2) | 539.8 (25.3) | 29.8 (0.5) | 98.8 (3.6) | 5.5 (0.3) |
| North West | 193.8 (13.6) | 10.7 (0.2) | 535.3 (33.1) | 29.5 (0.5) | 99.0 (3.7) | 5.5 (0.3) |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 192.8 (13.4) | 10.7 (0.3) | 532.3 (30.0) | 29.5 (0.5) | 97.5 (3.8) | 5.4 (0.3) |
| East Midlands | 199.6 (13.1) | 10.7 (0.3) | 5486 (32.8) | 29.4 (0.6) | 100.6 (4.0) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| West Midlands | 198.4 (14.5) | 10.7 (0.3) | 541.1 (37.0) | 29.3 (0.5) | 100.1 (4.5) | 5.4 (0.3) |
| London | 197.4 (16.4) | 10.6 (0.5) | 487.0 (45.5) | 26.3 (1.0) | 119.6 (8.4) | 6.5 (0.5) |
| South West | 207.0 (13.0) | 10.7 (0.3) | 565.4 (25.5) | 29.4 (0.5) | 100.0 (5.0) | 5.2 (0.4) |
| East of England | 202.3 (13.5) | 10.7 (0.3) | 549.2 (30.9) | 29.0 (0.7) | 102.0 (5.0) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| South East | 206.9 (13.9) | 10.7 (0.3) | 557.2 (30.3) | 29.8 (0.7) | 104.2 (4.8) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| GDHI* | ||||||
| Lowest quartile (GDHI<£16 700) | 199.2 (13.3) | 10.7 (0.3) | 545.2 (30.9) | 29.2 (0.8) | 101.2 (5.7) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| Second quartile (GDHI £16 700–£18 461) | 201.4 (15.4) | 10.7 (0.3) | 544.8 (39.7) | 28.9 (1.1) | 103.1 (8.1) | 5.5 (0.6) |
| Third quartile (GDHI £18 461–£20 725) | 201.6 (15.6) | 10.7 (0.3) | 534.0 (47.3) | 28.4 (1.4) | 106.2 (9.8) | 5.7 (0.6) |
| Highest quartile (GDHI>£20 725) | 200.0 (14.6) | 10.7 (0.3) | 546.3 (34.1) | 29.3 (0.8) | 100.7 (5.2) | 5.4 (0.3) |
| Unemployment rate | ||||||
| Lowest quartile (<4.55% unemployed) | 211.1 (12.3) | 10.7 (0.3) | 567.3 (23.0) | 28.9 (0.6) | 102.2 (4.6) | 5.2 (0.2) |
| Second quartile (4.55%–5.90% unemployed) | 204.6 (11.9) | 10.7 (0.3) | 553.8 (27.6) | 29.0 (0.9) | 102.5 (6.3) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| Third quartile (5.90%–7.74% unemployed) | 198.6 (12.2) | 10.7 (0.3) | 537.9 (35.3) | 28.9 (1.3) | 103.4 (8.3) | 5.6 (0.5) |
| Highest quartile (>7.74% unemployed) | 188.0 (11.9) | 10.6 (0.3) | 511.9 (42.2) | 29.0 (1.5) | 103.0 (9.8) | 5.8 (0.6) |
| Level of reductions to working age benefits per person per year† | ||||||
| Lowest quartile (<£321.5) | 209.2 (12.1) | 10.7 (0.3) | 561.8 (23.0) | 28.8 (0.6) | 103.3 (5.5) | 5.3 (0.3) |
| Second quartile (£321.5–£403) | 205.4 (11.8) | 10.7 (0.3) | 556.8 (25.6) | 29.0 (0.9) | 102.7 (7.3) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| Third quartile (£403–£479) | 196.5 (13.2) | 10.6 (0.3) | 532.9 (38.3) | 28.8 (1.3) | 104.2 (8.7) | 5.7 (0.6) |
| Highest quartile (>£479) | 190.7 (14.3) | 10.7 (0.3) | 517.9 (46.5) | 29.1 (1.3) | 101.0 (8.2) | 5.7 (0.6) |
| IMD‡ | ||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 187.7 (14.0) | 10.7 (0.4) | 505.6 (47.0) | 28.7 (1.6) | 103.4 (10.7) | 5.9 (0.7) |
| 2 | 196.3 (12.9) | 10.7 (0.3) | 535.3 (36.1) | 29.1 (1.3) | 102.5 (8.3) | 5.6 (0.5) |
| 3 | 201.5 (12.1) | 10.7 (0.3) | 550.3 (28.1) | 29.1 (0.9) | 102.4 (6.8) | 5.4 (0.4) |
| 4 | 207.1 (11.7) | 10.7 (0.3) | 558.1 (27.1) | 29.0 (0.8) | 102.0 (6.6) | 5.3 (0.4) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 210.0 (11.4) | 10.7 (0.2) | 562.9 (20.2) | 28.7 (0.6) | 103.9 (5.0) | 5.3 (0.2) |
| Rural/urban area | ||||||
| Predominantly urban | 194.7 (14.5) | 10.6 (0.3) | 523.6 (40.2) | 28.6 (1.3) | 104.9 (9.0) | 5.8 (0.5) |
| Urban with significant rural | 205.2 (11.8) | 10.7 (0.2) | 559.2 (19.7) | 29.2 (0.6) | 101.4 (4.3) | 5.3 (0.2) |
| Predominantly rural | 209.4 (10.9) | 10.8 (0.3) | 570.5 (17.2) | 29.4 (0.5) | 99.6 (4.4) | 5.1 (0.2) |
*GDHI categorised into four quartiles.
†We stratified by quartiles of reductions in working age benefit by LA, using a dataset estimating the cumulative decreases in benefits for working age people due to welfare reforms between 2010 and 2015 for each LA.
‡IMD represents relative deprivation of LAs, categorised into quintiles.
GDHI, gross disposable household income; HFSS, high in fat, sugar and salt; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LA, local authority.