Impact of total LA spending on food purchasing
| Fruit and vegetables | HFSS foods | Takeaways | |
| Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | Purchasing as a percentage of total food and drink purchasing (%) | |
| Unadjusted model | |||
| Full sample | 0.006 (–0.002 to 0.014) p=0.154 | −0.078 (–0.152 to –0.056) p<0.001 | 0.017 (0.008 to 0.026) p<0.001 |
| Adjusted model* | |||
| Full Sample | 0.007 (–0.002 to 0.015) p=0.110 | −0.071 (–0.093 to –0.050) p<0.001 | 0.015 (0.006 to 0.024) p=0.001 |
| Adjusted model stratified by IMD† | |||
| 1 (most deprived) | −0.003 (–0.022 to 0.015) p=0.735 | −0.072 (–0.113 to –0.033) p=0.001 | 0.025 (–0.000 to 0.049) p=0.050 |
| 2 | 0.020 (–0.001 to 0.041) p=0.059 | −0.088 (–0.126 to –0.040) p=0.001 | 0.021 (0.002 to 0.040) p=0.028 |
| 3 | −0.006 (–0.020 to 0.009) p=0.448 | −0.024 (–0.079 to 0.021) p=0.291 | 0.003 (–0.014 to 0.015) p=0.972 |
| 4 | 0.006 (–0.012 to 0.023) p=0.528 | −0.053 (–0.102 to –0.004) p=0.034 | 0.012 (–0.007 to 0.031) p=0.200 |
| 5 (least deprived) | −0.006 (–0.017 to 0.005) p=0.250 | −0.048 (–0.097 to 0.001) p=0.054 | 0.022 (0.008 to 0.035) p=0.002 |
| Adjusted model stratified by rural/urban area | |||
| Predominantly Urban | 0.002 (–0.010 to 0.013) p=0.788 | −0.080 (–0.107 to –0.052) p<0.001 | 0.024 (0.011 to 0.036) p<0.001 |
| Urban with significant rural | 0.005 (–0.007 to 0.015) p=0.416 | 0.005 (–0.028 to 0.039) p=0.746 | 0.003 (–0.009 to 0.014) p=0.630 |
| Predominantly rural | 0.004 (–0.005 to 0.014) p=0.354 | −0.030 (–0.056 to –0.004) p=0.026 | −0.006 (–0.018 to 0.006) p=0.320 |
| Adjusted model stratified by level of reductions in working age benefits‡ | |||
| Lowest quartile (<£321.5) | 0.001 (–0.015 to 0.018) p=0.885 | −0.035 (–0.082 to 0.012) p=0.142 | 0.016 (0.001 to 0.031) p=0.037 |
| Second quartile (£321.5–£403) | 0.001 (–0.012 to 0.013) p=0.891 | −0.047 (–0.085 to –0.010) p=0.014 | 0.011 (–0.004 to 0.025) p=0.161 |
| Third quartile (£403–£479) | −0.005 (–0.022 to 0.012) p=0.572 | −0.079 (–0.119 to –0.039) p<0.001 | 0.020 (0.002 to 0.039) p=0.032 |
| Highest quartile (>£479) | 0.008 (–0.009 to 0.025) p=0.369 | −0.075 (–0.116 to –0.034) p<0.001 | 0.028 (0.009 to 0.047) p=0.005 |
The coefficients represent the percentage point change in purchasing with a 10% decrease in LA service spending (95% CIs in brackets).
*Model adjusted for GDHI and unemployment rate.
†IMD represents relative deprivation of LAs, categorised into quintiles.
‡We stratified by quartiles of reductions in working age benefit by LA, using a dataset estimating the cumulative decreases in benefits for working age people due to welfare reforms between 2010 and 2015 for each LA.
GDHI, gross disposable household income; HFSS, high in fat, sugar and salt; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LA, local authority.