Association of infant LAZ and LAZ trajectory with food insecurity and water insecurity
| M1–M18 (n=714) | M6–M18 (n=710) | |||
| Model | Min-AM | Full-AM | Min-AM | Full-AM |
| LAZ | ||||
| Food insecurity | ||||
| Poor food access | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.05) | −0.12 (−0.21, 0.03) | −0.11 (−0.2, 0.03) |
| Household shocks | −0.01 (−0.1, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.06) | 0 (−0.1, 0.09) | 0 (−0.08, 0.09) |
| Low food availability & quality | −0.09 (−0.18, 0.01) | −0.09 (−0.17, 0.01) | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.02) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.03) |
| Water insecurity | ||||
| Poor water access | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | 0 (−0.08, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) |
| Poor water quality | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.12) | 0 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) |
| Low water reliability | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.1) | 0.05 (−0.04, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.12) |
| LAZ trajectory | ||||
| Time | −0.04 (−0.04, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.05) | −0.05 (−0.06, 0.04) | −0.13 (−0.28, 0.03) |
| Timexfood insecurity | ||||
| Poor food access | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (0, 0.01) |
| Household shocks | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (0, 0.01) |
| Low food availability and quality | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) |
| Timexwater insecurity | ||||
| Poor water access | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) |
| Poor water quality | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0 (−0.01, 0.01) |
| Low water reliability | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) | 0 (−0.01, 0) |
| Model diagnostics | ||||
| AIC | 7609.732 | 7262.259 | 4727.371 | 4553.204 |
| BIC | 7763.244 | 7492.528 | 4870.255 | 4767.53 |
Min-AM: season at baseline (during pregnancy) interview (calendar quarter), SES (tertile), infant sex (female vs male), household location (Chirumanzu vs Shurugwi), improved latrine (no vs yes) and maternal pregnancy HIV status (positive vs negative), time–sex interaction.
Full-AM: Min-AM+maternal age (years), height (cm), education (some primary, some secondary, completed secondary), religion (Apostolic, other Christian, other religion), infant birthweight (kg), preterm (born at <37 weeks of gestation: yes vs no), household size (number of members), continued breastfeeding until M18 (yes vs no), and time interactions with maternal height, infant birthweight and continued breastfeeding until M18.
Values in bold signifies P<0.05.
.AIC, Akaike information Criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; Full-AM, fully-AM; LAZ, length-for-age Z-score; Min-AM, minimally adjusted model; SES, socioeconomic status.