Baseline demographic characteristics of women by quintiles of sucrose-sweetened beverages as percent energy intake: MoBa Cohort Study (n=60 027)*
| Quintile 1 (n=12 005) | Quintile 2 (n=12 004) | Quintile 3 (n=12 006) | Quintile 4 (n=12 006) | Quintile 5 (n=12 006) | P value† | |
| Intake of SSB, E% | (<0.3) | (0.3–0.7) | (0.7–1.5) | (1.5–3.9) | (>3.9) | |
| Median SSB intake, E% | 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 6.8 | |
| Calories from SSBs,‡ E% | 0.1±0.1 | 0.5±0.1 | 1.1±0.2 | 2.5±0.7 | 9.0±6.2 | * |
| Intake of SSBs, mL | 3.0±4.1 | 23.8±9.0 | 48.8±15.4 | 121±48 | 459±356 | * |
| BMI,§ kg/m2 | 24.1±4.5 | 23.8±4.1 | 23.9±4.0 | 24.0±4.2 | 24.4±4.5 | * |
| Maternal age, years | 31.4±4.4 | 30.9±4.4 | 30.5±4.5 | 30.1±4.6 | 29.6±4.8 | * |
| Parity | 0.8±0.9 | 0.8±0.9 | 0.8±0.9 | 0.8±0.9 | 0.9±0.9 | * |
| Nulliparous, % | 43.4 | 45.7 | 45.2 | 42.5 | 40.0 | * |
| Smoking,§ % | 14.4 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 17.0 | 25.6 | * |
| Preterm,¶ % | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.8 | |
| Diabetes,** % | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | * |
| Gestational hypertension,†† % | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.9 | |
| High education,‡‡ % | 33.3 | 33.4 | 30.4 | 25.2 | 18.0 | * |
| Physical activity ≥3 times/week, % | 55.6 | 53.6 | 48.7 | 44.9 | 37.0 | * |
| Weight gain ≥7 kg, % | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 11.6 | * |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2179±578 | 2312±574 | 2229±543 | 2330±603 | 2413±627 | * |
| Energy from protein, E% | 16.3±2.1 | 15.8±1.9 | 15.6±1.8 | 15.2±1.8 | 14.1±2.0 | * |
| Energy from fat, E% | 31.3±5.0 | 31.6±4.5 | 31.9±4.3 | 31.8±4.3 | 30.6±4.4 | * |
| Energy from carbohydrates, E% | 52.3±5.0 | 52.4±4.5 | 52.3±4.3 | 52.9±4.3 | 55.1±4.8 | * |
| Added sugar, g/day | 42.0±25.4 | 49.4±25.4 | 50.7±24.3 | 61.8±28.2 | 94.1±46.8 | * |
| Added sugar, E% | 7.5±3.4 | 8.4±3.2 | 9.0±3.1 | 10.4±3.2 | 15.4±5.6 | * |
| Fibre, g/day | 32.6±11.4 | 33.1±10.6 | 30.5±9.6 | 30.4±10.0 | 28.8±10.0 | * |
| Sodium/potassium ratio | 0.76±0.18 | 0.77±0.18 | 0.78±0.17 | 0.78±0.17 | 0.79±0.18 | * |
| Orange juice/nectar, mL | 149±178 | 163±176 | 160±162 | 178±182 | 186±202 | * |
| Artificial sweetened beverages, mL | 223±385 | 143±290 | 108±229 | 100±217 | 118±255 | * |
| Magnesium, mg/day | 410±120 | 423±115 | 397±105 | 402±113 | 384±112 | * |
| Calcium, mg/day | 1041±426 | 1091±428 | 1032±393 | 1061±429 | 1007±419 | * |
| Breastfeeding 6 months post-delivery, % | 79.9 | 83.4 | 83.0 | 80.7 | 74.6 | * |
| Juice/nectar, E% | 2.7±3.1 | 2.8±2.8 | 2.9±2.8 | 3.1±2.9 | 3.1±3.1 | * |
| Years of follow-up | 6.9±1.6 | 6.9±1.6 | 7.1±1.6 | 7.3±1.6 | 7.5±1.7 | * |
*Values are means±SD or percentages.
†Trends in continuous and bivariate descriptive characteristics from low to high intake quintiles of SSBs %E were evaluated in linear and logistic regression, respectively, *P trend <0.001.
‡Sugar-sweetened soda and cordial.
§Before pregnancy.
¶Gestational age <37 weeks or when gestational age was missing a birth weight <2500 g.
**Diabetes mellitus (before or during pregnancy or unspecified).
††With or without proteinuria diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation, when systolic blood pressure was 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure was 90 mm Hg, or both.
‡‡Any university or college education.
BMI, body mass index; E%, as percent of total energy; SSB, sucrose-sweetened beverage.