Distribution of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM (n=224)
| Characteristics | No | (%) |
| Age (years)* | 28.2* | (7.8) |
| Sex, male | 91 | (40.6) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 154 | (68.8) |
| Married | 60 | (26.8) |
| Divorce | 10 | (4.5) |
| Educational level | ||
| High school or lower | 51 | (22.8) |
| Graduate | 149 | (66.5) |
| Postgraduate | 24 | (10.7) |
| DM duration (years) | ||
| ≤15 | 109 | (48.7) |
| >15 | 115 | (51.3) |
| HbA1c levels (%)* | 8.3* | (1.4) |
| DM complications | ||
| No disease | 137 | (61.2) |
| Hypertension | 22 | (9.8) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 42 | (18.7) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 17 | (7.6) |
| Diabetic foot | 2 | (0.9) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 13 | (5.8) |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 6 | (2.7) |
| Other diseases | 42 | (18.8) |
| Type of intensive insulin therapy | ||
| Multiple daily insulin injections | 198 | (88.4) |
| Insulin pump | 26 | (11.6) |
| CC use | ||
| Yes | 121 | (54.0) |
| No | 103 | (46.0) |
| Frequency of visits to a dietitian in the past 2 years | ||
| Has not visited a dietitian | 14 | (6.3) |
| 1–2 times | 93 | (41.5) |
| 3–5 times | 56 | (25.0) |
| ˃5 times | 61 | (27.2) |
| No of times taught about CC | ||
| Never | 8 | (3.6) |
| 1–2 times | 111 | (49.6) |
| 3–5 times | 52 | (23.2) |
| ˃5 times | 53 | (23.7) |
*Mean (SD).
CC, carbohydrate counting; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus.