Unconditional support for breastfeeding supportive practices for mothers with confirmed COVID-19 by World Bank country groups as proxies for IMR (n=33)
| Low-income economies ($ 1035 or less) n=3 | Lower-middle income economies (US$ 1036 to US$ 4045) n=9 | Upper-middle-income economies (US$ 4046 to US$ 12 535) n=7 | High-income economies (US$12 536 or more) n=14 | |
| IMR M (SD) | 40.7 (11.9) | 35.4 (18.5) | 11.1 (6.6) | 3.4 (0.6) |
| Practice | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| S2S contact | 1 (33.3) | 4 (44.4) | 0 | 4 (28.6) |
| EIBF | 1 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 0 | 3 (21.4) |
| Rooming-in | 2 (66.7) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (14.3) | 5 (35.7) |
| Direct BF | 2 (66.7) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (42.9) | 6 (42.9) |
| Use of mother’s expressed milk | 2 (66.7) | 8 (88.9) | 3 (42.9) | 11 (78.6) |
| Use of DHM | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (14.3) |
| PS-M | 1 (33.3) | 2 (22.2) | 0 | 3 (21.4) |
| PS-I | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 1 (7.1) |
IMR per 1000 live births.
BF, breastfeeding; DHM, donor human milk; EIBF, early initiation of breastfeeding; IMR, infant mortality rate; PS-I, psychological support for separated infants; PS-M, psychological support for separated mothers; S2S, skin-to-skin.