Response variable | Explanatory variable | Time period | |||||||||||
1975–1984 | 1985–1994 | 1995–2004 | 2005–2015 | ||||||||||
Coef | 95% CI | P value | Coef | 95% CI | P value | Coef | 95% CI | P value | Coef | 95% CI | P value | ||
SBP | Combined FV | −0.75 | −1.07 to −0.43 | 1.02×10−3* | −0.76 | −1.08 to −0.43 | 1.20×10−3* | −0.53 | −0.89 to −0.17 | 0.79 | −0.90 | −1.33 to −0.48 | 6.86×10−3* |
SBP | Fruits | −1.35 | −1.83 to −0.87 | 9.64×10−6* | −1.02 | −1.49 to −0.55 | 5.67×10−3* | −0.45 | −0.97 to 0.07 | 1 | −0.69 | −1.28 to −0.09 | 1 |
SBP | Vegetables | 0.03 | −0.46 to 0.51 | 1 | −0.70 | −1.21 to −0.19 | 1 | −0.64 | −1.19 to −0.10 | 1 | −1.31 | −1.94 to −0.68 | 0.01* |
DBP | Combined FV | −0.21 | −0.42 to 0.00 | 1 | −0.29 | −0.50 to −0.08 | 1 | 0.02 | −0.22 to 0.25 | 1 | −0.22 | −0.52 to 0.08 | 1 |
DBP | Fruits | −0.63 | −0.95 to −0.32 | 0.02* | −0.77 | −1.07 to −0.46 | 2.49×10−4* | −0.26 | −0.60 to 0.08 | 1 | −0.49 | −0.90 to −0.08 | 1 |
DBP | Vegetables | 0.31 | −0.01 to 0.63 | 1 | 0.10 | −0.24 to 0.43 | 1 | 0.35 | −0.01 to 0.71 | 1 | 0.15 | −0.29 to 0.59 | 1 |
RBP | Combined FV | −1.52 | −1.91 to −1.13 | 8.53×10−12* | −1.17 | −1.57 to −0.76 | 3.58×10−6* | −0.96 | −1.39 to −0.53 | 2.39×10−3* | −1.32 | −1.78 to −0.86 | 4.7×10−6* |
RBP | Fruits | −2.60 | −3.18 to −2.02 | 1.21×10−15* | −1.63 | −2.22 to −1.04 | 1.43×10−5* | −0.71 | −1.33 to −0.09 | 1 | −1.01 | −1.65 to −0.36 | 0.52 |
RBP | Vegetables | −0.26 | −0.85 to 0.33 | 1 | −0.95 | −1.57 to −0.32 | 0.64 | −1.19 | −1.83 to −0.55 | 0.06 | −1.63 | −2.31 to −0.95 | 6.46×10−4* |
Significant associations after Bonferroni correction are highlighted with an asterisk. Equivalent results for the sensitivity analysis are provided in online supplemental appendix table 8. Confounders: urban population proportion; year; energy-adjusted supply from fish, cereals, meat, milk; total energy; BMI; income group; interaction with BMI; interaction with income group.
BMI, body-mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RBP, raised blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.