Table 1

(A) Apoptosis rate of HF after exposure to three disinfectants at various concentrations (%). (B) Apoptosis rate of HaCat after exposure to three disinfectants at various concentrations (%)

	Povidone iodine		Chlorhexidine acetate		PHMB
	Early apoptosis	Late apoptosis	Early apoptosis	Late apoptosis	Early apoptosis	Late apoptosis
(A)
1/512	4.34±0.36	93.83±1.86	0.78±0.57	13.93±2.06	1.71±0.73	13.90±2.98
1/64	–	–	1.54±0.36	15.93±2.96	1.03±0.32	15.83±2.12
1/8	–	–	1.69±0.23	74.80±2.56*	8.69±2.05*	81.43±3.39*
(B)
1/512	0.16±0.07	99.43±0.35	0.96±0.35	8.78±0.17	4.08±0.45	10.39±1.06
1/64	–	–	2.62±0.89*	20.90±2.15*	3.48±0.54	20.17±5.70*
1/8	–	–	2.22±0.20	86.77±5.49*	2.15±0.16	87.50±3.17*

*Statistically significant difference compared with previous dilution; p<0.05.
–, unable to detect; HF, human fibroblasts; PHMB, polyhexamethylene biguanide.