Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and lifestyle perception in HUNT4 participants with prior GDM relative to women without GDM
| No history of GDM, n (%) | History of GDM, n (%) | P value | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | ||||
| Lifestyle behaviours | |||||||
| Diet | |||||||
| Fruit and berries (<7 times/week) | 5690 (77.0) | 102 (81.6) | 0.23 | 1.32 | (0.84 to 2.08) | 1.33 | (0.84 to 2.12) |
| Vegetables (<7 times/week) | 5343 (72.4) | 98 (78.4) | 0.13 | 1.39 | (0.90 to 2.13) | 1.41 | (0.91 to 2.19) |
| Red meat (>4 times/week) | 923 (12.4) | 15 (11.9) | 0.86 | 0.95 | (0.55 to 1.64) | 0.87 | (0.50 to 1.50) |
| Fatty fish (<1 times/week) | 2718 (36.8) | 47 (37.3) | 0.90 | 1.02 | (0.71 to 1.47) | 1.03 | (0.71 to 1.49) |
| Lean fish (<1 times/week) | 3607 (48.8) | 57 (45.2) | 0.42 | 0.87 | (0.61 to 1.23) | 0.99 | (0.69 to 1.41) |
| Total fish (<1 times/week) | 1937 (26.2) | 35 (27.8) | 0.69 | 1.08 | (0.73 to 1.61) | 1.15 | (0.77 to 1.71) |
| Beverages with added sugar (≥1 glass/week) | 3505 (47.7) | 53 (42.4) | 0.24 | 0.81 | (0.56 to 1.16) | 0.72 | (0.50 to 1.04) |
| Alcohol (>7 units/week) | 94 (1.4) | 2 (1.7) | 0.79 | 1.21 | (0.29 to 4.96) | 1.68 | (0.40 to 7.03) |
| Physical activity (<500 MET/week) | 2548 (41.2) | 50 (53.8) | 0.02 | 1.66 | (1.10 to 2.50) | 1.33 | (0.88 to 2.03) |
| Current smoker | 664 (9.0) | 15 (11.9) | 0.25 | 1.37 | (0.80 to 2.37) | 1.47 | (0.83 to 2.61) |
| Sleep | |||||||
| Sleep duration (<6 hours/night) | 585 (8.0) | 6 (4.8) | 0.18 | 0.57 | (0.25 to 1.30) | 0.47 | (0.20 to 1.07) |
| Daytime dysfunction | 315 (4.3) | 6 (4.9) | 0.76 | 1.14 | (0.50 to 2.61) | 1.13 | (0.49 to 2.61) |
| Lifestyle perception | |||||||
| Healthy lifestyle not important | 435 (5.9) | 14 (11.1) | 0.01 | 1.99 | (1.13 to 3.51) | 1.73 | (0.97 to 3.10) |
| Not satisfied with own lifestyle | 2124 (28.8) | 55 (44.0) | <0.001 | 1.94 | (1.36 to 2.77) | 1.62 | (1.13 to 2.34) |
Data presented as OR with 95% CI.
Model 1 is unadjusted, model 2 is adjusted for age, birth country, cohabitant status, education, parity and time since last birth.
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HUNT4, Trøndelag Health Study, fourth survey; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task.