Background characteristics | OR | (95% CI) | P value |
Altitude (m) | |||
Below 1000 m* | |||
1000–1999 m | 1.06 | (0.92–1.22) | 0.408 |
≥2000 m | 1.39 | (1.11–1.74) | 0.005 |
Child age 18–59 months (below 18 months*) | 2.04 | (1.98–2.11) | 0.000 |
Female child (male*) | 0.91 | (0.88–0.93) | 0.000 |
Birth order and birth Interval | |||
First birth* | |||
Second birth order and <24 months' interval | 1.29 | (1.21–1.37) | 0.000 |
Second birth order and ≥24 months' interval | 1.02 | (0.98–1.07) | 0.298 |
Third or higher birth order | 1.19 | (1.14–1.25) | 0.000 |
Small or very small size at birth (no*/yes) | 1.47 | (1.4–1.53) | 0.000 |
Mother’s education | |||
No education* | |||
Primary | 0.87 | (0.83–0.91) | 0.000 |
Secondary | 0.69 | (0.66–0.72) | 0.000 |
Higher | 0.50 | (0.47–0.54) | 0.000 |
Full exposure to media (no*/yes) | 0.89 | (0.84–0.94) | 0.000 |
Mother’s age at birth | |||
<25 years* | |||
25–29 years | 0.89 | (0.85–0.92) | 0.000 |
30–49 years | 0.85 | (0.81–0.9) | 0.000 |
Distance to health facility is a problem in getting medical help for self (no*/yes) | 1.08 | (1.04–1.12) | 0.000 |
Four or more ANC visits (no*/yes) | 0.88 | (0.85–0.91) | 0.000 |
Received at least two TT injections (no*/yes) | 0.99 | (0.95–1.03) | 0.625 |
Consumed IFA tablet/ syrup for 100 days (no*/yes) | 0.96 | (0.92–1) | 0.046 |
Rural residence (urban*) | 1.02 | (0.97–1.06) | 0.499 |
Hindu religion (no*/yes) | 0.93 | (0.89–0.98) | 0.003 |
Scheduled caste/tribe (no*/yes) | 1.21 | (1.17–1.26) | 0.000 |
Use of clean fuel for cooking (no*/yes) | 0.84 | (0.8–0.87) | 0.000 |
Source of drinking water – piped (no*/yes) | 1.05 | (1.01–1.1) | 0.025 |
Improved sanitation facility (no*/yes) | 0.84 | (0.81–0.87) | 0.000 |
Constant | 0.35 | (0.25–0.5) | 0.000 |
Note: Variable district is also controlled in the model, but not shown separately.
*Reference category.
ANC, antenatal care; IFA, iron–folic acid; TT, tetanus toxoid.