Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Variables | Vitamin D supplementation n=30 | Placebo n=30 | P value |
| Age (years) | 52.00±10.70 | 53.90±11.08 | 0.48 |
| Gender | 0.052 | ||
| Male N (%) | 17 (56.7) | 24 (80) | |
| Female N (%) | 13 (43.3) | 6 (20) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.98±1.02 | 27.55±1.04 | 0.69 |
| HbA1C1 (%) | 5.55±0.24 | 5.92±0.24 | 0.33 |
| HOMA-IR (score) | 59.65±10.86 | 80.30±10.86 | 0.18 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 13.06±2.07 | 17.08±2.07 | 0.17 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 99.95±7.44 | 107.50±7.44 | 0.47 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 149.06±8.35 | 142.13±8.35 | 0.55 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.93±10.22 | 82.10±10.22 | 0.08 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 41.08±2.45 | 42.05±2.45 | 0.78 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 84.26±6.05 | 84.00±6.05 | 0.97 |
| AST (U/l) | 45.00±5.65 | 49.96±5.65 | 0.53 |
| ALT (U/l) | 36.63±5.14 | 41.10±5.14 | 0.54 |
| Serum 25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) | 18.36±2.14 | 21.37±2.14 | 0.32 |
Data are shown as means±SE.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1C1, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 25(OH) D3, serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3.