Multivariable analysis of shift work exposure factors independently associated with dietary behaviours and physical activity levels of shift workers (n=1300)*
| Variables | Fruit/veg intake ≥5 servings/day (n=522)† | Wholegrain intake ≥1 serving/day (n=512)† | Soft drink intake ≥1 serving/week (n=487)† | Physical activity ≥150 minutes/week (n=509)‡ | ||||
| P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Occupational sector (ref: health and social work) | ||||||||
| Accommodation and food | ns | 1.06 (0.67–1.66) | ns | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.23) | ns | ns | ns | 0.70 (0.39 to 1.26) |
| Retail | ns | 0.80 (0.52–1.24) | 0.022 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.94) | ns | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.35) | ns | 1.52 (0.85 to 2.71) |
| Manufacturing | ns | 1.05 (0.60–1.82) | ns | 0.91 (0.58 to 1.42) | 0.019 | 2.03 (1.12 to 3.68) | ns | 1.34 (0.66 to 2.75) |
| Other | ns | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | ns | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.58) | ns | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.75) | ns | 1.33 (0.79 to 2.24) |
| Duration of SW exposure (ref: <8 years) | ||||||||
| ≥8 years | N/A | 0.02 | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.82) | ns | 0.89 (0.62 to 1.30) | ns | 1.15 (0.74 to 1.80) | |
| Average shift length (ref: <8 hours) | ||||||||
| 8–11 hours | N/A | ns | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.32) | ns | 0.73 (0.50 to 1.06) | ns | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.55) | |
| ≥12 hours | N/A | ns | 1.26 (0.89 to 1.79) | 0.032 | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.96) | ns | 1.12 (0.64 to 1.96) | |
| Predominant SW pattern (ref: days) | ||||||||
| Nights | N/A | 0.011 | 0.61 (0.41 to 0.89) | N/A | N/A | |||
| Rotating | N/A | 0.026 | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.95) | N/A | N/A | |||
| Other | N/A | 0.002 | 0.65 (0.50 to 0.86) | N/A | N/A | |||
Significant ORs (p<0.05) are denoted in bold font (these remained significantly associated with the outcome of interest after multivariable analysis)
*The full list of covariates included in the analysis is represented by those in the left-hand columns of tables 4 and 5
†According to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland dietary guidelines16
‡Minutes per week based on national and international physical activity guidelines25 26
N/A, not applicable (not significantly associated with the outcome of interest in univariable analysis); ns, not significant following multivariable analysis.