Table 2

Bivariate analyses between undernutrition and sociodemographic/economic variables

Background variable	Type of intervention and conditions†			Stunting (N=1498)					Underweight(N=1498)					Wasting (N=1498)
	Nutrition specific	Nutrition sensitive	Enabling	(+) Stunted		(−) Not stunted		P value‡	(+) Under weight		(−) Not underweight		P value‡	(+) Wasted		(−) Not wasted		P value ‡
			Environment	(+) Stunted							(−) Not underweight			(+) Wasted
				N	(%)	n	(%)		n	(%)	n	(%)		n	(%)	n	(%)
Categorical variables
Sex
Female	–	–	–	332	48	430	53.3	Ref.	147	49	615	51.3	Ref.	46	43	716	51.5	Ref.
v₁: male	–	–	X	360	52	376	46.7	0.038*	153	51	583	48.7	0.478	61	57	675	48.5	0.108
Total				692	100	806	100		300	100	1198	100		107	100	1391	100
Primary income source
Agriculture or crop sales	–	–	–	608	87.9	700	86.8	Ref.	263	87.7	1045	87.2	Ref.	88	82.2	1220	87.7	Ref.
v₂: livestock or animal sales	–	–	X	2	0.3	2	0.2	1	1	0.3	3	0.3	1	0	0	4	0.3	1
v₃: fishing	–	–	X	3	0.4	3	0.4	1	1	0.3	5	0.4	1	1	0.9	5	0.4	0.359
v₄: unskilled wage labour	–	–	X	10	1.4	19	2.4	0.259	3	1	26	2.2	0.244	3	2.8	26	1.9	0.457
v₅: skilled wage labour	–	–	X	15	2.2	13	1.6	0.45	7	2.3	21	1.8	0.479	4	3.7	24	1.7	0.134
v₆: handicrafts, artisanal works	–	–	X	2	0.3	3	0.4	1	2	0.7	3	0.3	0.263	0	0	5	0.4	1
v₇: charcoal production	–	–	X	1	0.1	2	0.2	1	1	0.3	2	0.2	0.489	0	0	3	0.2	1
v₈: seller, trader or commercial business	–	–	X	25	3.6	25	3.1	0.666	8	2.7	42	3.5	0.59	5	4.7	45	3.2	0.398
v₉: salary wage	–	–	X	23	3.3	36	4.5	0.288	13	4.3	46	3.8	0.74	5	4.7	54	3.9	0.607
v₁₀: begging and assistance	–	–	X	0	0	1	0.1	1	0	0	1	0.1	1	0	0	1	0.1	1
v₁₁: pension and government subsidy	–	–	X	3	0.4	2	0.2	0.667	1	0.3	4	0.3	1	1	0.9	4	0.3	0.31
Total				692	100	806	100		300	100	1198	100		107	100	1391	100
Ownership of properties
v₁₂: land for housing, farming or renting	–	–	X	430	62.1	507	62.9	0.789	188	62.7	749	62.5	1	73	68.2	864	62.1	0.216
v₁₃: electricity	–	–	X	109	15.8	139	17.2	0.444	44	14.7	204	17	0.341	19	17.8	229	16.5	0.687
v₁₄: radio	–	–	X	280	40.5	322	40	0.874	115	38.3	487	40.7	0.47	40	37.4	562	40.4	0.609
v₁₅: television set	–	–	X	66	9.5	94	11.7	0.208	32	10.7	128	10.7	1	15	14	145	10.4	0.255
v₁₆: mobile phone	–	–	X	290	41.9	368	45.7	0.159	118	39.3	540	45.1	0.079	45	42.1	613	44.1	0.761
v₁₇: refrigerator	–	X	X	7	1	19	2.4	0.049‡	3	1	23	1.9	0.334	6	5.6	20	1.4	0.008**
v₁₈: generator	–	–	X	4	0.6	12	1.5	0.129	1	0.3	15	1.3	0.22	2	1.9	14	1	0.319
v₁₉: air conditioner	–	–	X	4	0.6	3	0.4	0.71	1	0.3	6	0.5	1	1	0.9	6	0.4	0.405
v₂₀: house ownership	–	–	X	604	87.3	687	85.2	0.261	258	86	1033	86.2	0.926	93	86.9	1198	86.1	1
v₂₁: personal computer	–	–	X	4	0.6	8	1	0.403	2	0.7	10	0.8	1	0	0	12	0.9	1
v₂₂: bicycle	–	–	X	318	46	350	43.4	0.348	139	46.3	529	44.2	0.516	40	37.4	628	45.1	0.13
v₂₃: motorbike	–	–	X	119	17.2	149	18.5	0.543	50	16.7	218	18.2	0.557	19	17.8	249	17.9	1
v₂₄: vehicle (car, truck and tractor)	–	–	X	10	1.4	11	1.4	1	2	0.7	19	1.6	0.284	0	0	21	1.5	0.394
				Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value§	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value§	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value§
Interval and ratio variables
v₂₅: age (year)	–	–	X	2.7	1.29	1.6	1.11	<0.001**	3	1.3	1.9	1.23	<0.001**	2	1.42	2.1	1.33	0.274
v₂₆: birth order in sibling (Nth child)	–	–	X	3	2.23	3.1	2.11	0.207	2.8	2.1	3.1	2.18	0.093	3.2	2.17	3	2.16	0.195
v₂₇: total number of household members (person)	–	–	X	5.7	2.74	5.7	2.35	0.556	5.7	2.41	5.7	2.57	0.67	6.1	2.46	5.7	2.54	0.064
v₂₈: wealth quintile (Nth quintile)	–	–	X	3	1.38	3.1	1.43	0.182	3	1.38	3	1.41	0.724	3.2	1.47	3	1.4	0.207

*p<0.05, **p<0.01.Categorisation based on the previous review (Black et al. 2013).15
†Categorisation based on the previous review (Black et al. 2013).
‡χ² test (Fisher’s exact test)
§Mann-Whitney U test.