Background variable | Type of intervention and conditions† | Stunting (N=1498) | Underweight (N=1498) | Wasting (N=1498) | ||||||||||||||
Nutrition specific | Nutrition sensitive | Enabling environment | (+) Stunted | (−) Not stuntd | P value ‡§ | (+) Under weight | (−) Not underweight | P value ‡ | (+) Wasted | (−) Not wasted | P value‡ | |||||||
N | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||||||
Categorical variables | ||||||||||||||||||
Low birth weight | ||||||||||||||||||
(−) Not low birth weight:≥2500 [g) | – | – | – | 601 | 67.1 | 714 | 89 | Ref. | 255 | 85 | 1060 | 88.9 | Ref. | 89 | 83.2 | 1226 | 88.5 | Ref. |
v103: (+) Low birth weight:<2500 (g) | X | – | – | 89 | 12.9 | 88 | 11 | 0.262 | 45 | 15 | 132 | 11.1 | 0.072 | 18 | 16.8 | 159 | 11.5 | 0.119 |
Total | 660 | 100 | 773 | 100 | 283 | 100 | 1150 | 100 | 105 | 100 | 1328 | 100 | ||||||
Anaemia§ | ||||||||||||||||||
(-) Without anaemia: haemoglobin concentration ≥110 (g/L) | – | – | – | 291 | 45.5 | 309 | 49.9 | Ref. | 125 | 44.8 | 475 | 48.5 | Ref. | 39 | 44.8 | 561 | 47.9 | Ref. |
v104: (+) With anaemia: haemoglobin concentration <110 (g/L) | X | – | – | 348 | 54.5 | 310 | 50.1 | 0.128 | 154 | 55.2 | 504 | 51.5 | 0.278 | 48 | 55.2 | 610 | 52.1 | 0.657 |
Total | 660 | 100 | 773 | 100 | 283 | 100 | 1150 | 100 | 105 | 100 | 1328 | 100 | ||||||
Diarrhoea during the last 2 weeks | ||||||||||||||||||
(−) Without diarrhoea | – | – | – | 463 | 70.2 | 528 | 68.3 | Ref. | 200 | 70.7 | 791 | 68.8 | Ref. | 67 | 63.8 | 924 | 69.6 | Ref. |
v105: (+) With diarrhoea | X | – | – | 197 | 29.8 | 245 | 31.7 | 0.456 | 83 | 29.3 | 359 | 31.2 | 0.566 | 38 | 36.2 | 404 | 30.4 | 0.228 |
Total | 660 | 100 | 773 | 100 | 283 | 100 | 1150 | 100 | 105 | 100 | 1328 | 100 | ||||||
Cough during the last 2 weeks | ||||||||||||||||||
(-) Without cough | – | – | – | 386 | 58 | 436 | 55.8 | Ref. | 155 | 53.6 | 667 | 57.6 | Ref. | 48 | 45.3 | 774 | 57.8 | Ref. |
v106: (+) with cough | X | – | – | 279 | 42 | 345 | 44.2 | 0.424 | 134 | 46.4 | 490 | 42.4 | 0.232 | 58 | 54.7 | 566 | 42.2 | 0.014* |
Total | 665 | 100 | 781 | 100 | 289 | 100 | 1157 | 100 | 106 | 100 | 1340 | 100 | ||||||
Fever during the last 2 weeks | ||||||||||||||||||
(−) Without cough | – | – | – | 386 | 58 | 436 | 55.8 | Ref. | 155 | 53.6 | 667 | 57.6 | Ref. | 48 | 45.3 | 774 | 57.8 | Ref. |
v107: (+) with fever | X | – | – | 270 | 40.7 | 393 | 59.3 | 0.065 | 116 | 40.6 | 435 | 37.6 | 0.377 | 45 | 42.5 | 506 | 37.8 | 0.351 |
Total | 663 | 100 | 781 | 100 | 286 | 100 | 1158 | 100 | 106 | 100 | 1338 | 100 |
*Categorisation based on the previous review (Black et al. 2013).15
†χ2 test (Fisher’s exact test)
‡A total of 1258 children were tested for anaemia as a result of exclusion of 240 children (=138 children under 6 months of age+102 children having rejected blood sampling).
§p<0.05, **p<0.01.