Multivariable analysis of individual and workplace factors independently associated with dietary behaviours and physical activity levels of shift workers (n=1300)*
| Variables | Fruit/vegintake ≥5 servings/day† | Wholegrain intake ≥1 serving/day† | Soft drink intake ≥1 serving/week† | Physical activity ≥150 minutes/week‡ | ||||
| (n=522) | (n=512) | (n=487) | (n=509) | |||||
| P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Gender (ref: female) Male | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.40 to 0.74) | N/A | ns | 1.29 (0.93 to 1.80) | N/A | ||
| Age category (ref: 18–34 years)§ | ||||||||
| Middle-aged (35–54 years) | N/A | ns | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.24) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.34 to 0.73) | 0.012 | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.91) | |
| Older age (55–65 years) | N/A | ns | 1.27 (0.87 to 1.86) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59) | ns | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.18) | |
| BMI (ref: normal)¶ | ||||||||
| Overweight/obese | ns | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.07) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| SES (ref: ABC1) C2DE** | 0.046 | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Vending machines (ref: None) | ||||||||
| Available at Work | N/A | N/A | 0.003 | 1.64 (1.18 to 2.27) | 0.025 | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.96) | ||
| Break time adequate (ref: agree)†† | ||||||||
| Disagree | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.026 | 0.69 (0.49 to 0.96) | |||
| Satisfied with healthy food availability (ref: agree)‡‡ | ||||||||
| Disagree | N/A | N/A | ns | 1.01 (0.71 to 1.44) | N/A | |||
| Workplace helps lead a healthy lifestyle (ref: agree)§§ | ||||||||
| Disagree | 0.028 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.97) | N/A | 0.047 | 1.43 (1.01 to 2.04) | ns | 0.75 (0.55 to 1.02) | |
Significant ORs (p<0.05) are denoted in bold font (these remained significantly associated with the outcome of interest after multivariable analysis)
*The full list of covariates included in the analysis is represented by those in the left-hand columns of tables 4 and 5
†According to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland dietary guidelines16
‡Minutes per week based on national and international physical activity guidelines25 26
§Valid denominator=1283
¶BMI calculated based on self-reported height and weight and categorised according to the WHO BMI classification14 (‘Underweight’ participants were excluded (n=30))
**SES based on the occupation of the head of household. ABC1 denotes upper middle class, middle class and lower middle class. C2DE denotes skilled working class, working class and non-workers15 (valid denominator=1243)
††Valid denominator=1113
‡‡Valid denominator=929
§§Valid denominator=1035
BMI, body mass index; N/A, not applicable (not significantly associated with the outcome of interest in univariable analysis); ns, not significant in the multivariable analysis; SES, socioeconomic status.